ANAPHY

Developmental Anatomy

Studies structural changes from conception to adulthood.

Embryology

Subspecialty of developmental anatomy focusing on changes from conception to the end of the eighth week of development.

Cytology

Examines the structural features of cells.

Histology

Studies tissues composed of cells and surrounding materials.

Gross Anatomy

Studies structures visible without a microscope, approached systemically or regionally.

System

A group of structures with common functions, such as cardiovascular or muscular systems.

Anatomical Anomalies

Physical characteristics differing from normal patterns, varying in severity.

Cell Physiology

Examines processes in cells, such as energy production and cellular functions.

Exercise Physiology

Focuses on changes in function and structure due to exercise.

Systemic Anatomy

Study of the body by systems or groups of structures.

Regional Anatomy

Study of the body by specific regions.

Surface Anatomy

Study of external features and structures palpable through the skin.

Anatomical Imaging

Techniques like X-rays and MRIs to visualize internal structures.

Physiology

Study of the functions of living things and their responses to stimuli.

Homeostasis

The body's mechanism for maintaining stable internal conditions.

Feedback Loops

Mechanisms involving receptors, control centers, and effectors to maintain homeostasis.

Negative Feedback

Common feedback loop that restores normal conditions.

Positive Feedback

Feedback loop that enhances changes, such as during childbirth.

Anatomical Position

Standard position of the body used for reference in anatomy.

Directional Terms

Terms used to describe the location of body parts relative to each other.

Abdominal Quadrants

Four divisions of the abdomen used for locating organs.

Body Planes

Imaginary flat surfaces used to describe sections of the body.

Plasma Membrane

Outer layer of the cell that controls entry and exit of substances.

Organelles

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers and protects surfaces, involved in absorption and secretion.

Connective Tissue

Supports, binds, and protects other tissues and organs.

Muscle Tissue

Responsible for movement, includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

Nervous Tissue

Composed of neurons and glial cells, responsible for signal transmission.

Bone Development

Process of ossification, including intramembranous and endochondral ossification.

Axial Skeleton

Comprises the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

Comprises the limbs and girdles.

Cranial Bones

Eight bones that protect the brain.

Facial Bones

Fourteen bones that form the structure of the face.

Vertebral Column

Composed of 26 vertebrae, divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal regions.

Joint Movements

Types of movements at joints, including flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.