Exam 2 Practice Flashcards - NUR155 Concepts of Medical Surgical Nursing

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Fecal and Urinary Elimination, Nutrition, Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation, and Activity and Exercise based on the NUR155 Exam 2 study guide.

Defecation

The process of elimination of waste from the digestive system, producing feces or stool.

Steatorrhea

Commonly known as 'Fatty Stool,' this condition is caused by pancreatitis or is induced by malabsorption.

Soluble Fiber

Fiber that dissolves in water to form a gel-like material, found in oats, peas, beans, apples, citrus fruits, and barley.

Insoluble Fiber

Fiber that promotes the movement of material through the digestive system and increases stool bulk, found in wheat flour, wheat bran, nuts, and vegetables.

Constipation

A condition defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week, characterized by hard, dry, formed stools.

Fecal Impaction

A mass or collection of hardened feces in the folds of the rectum, often indicated by the passage of liquid fecal seepage and no normal stool.

Clostridium difficile (C. Diff)

A bacterium producing mucoid and foul-smelling diarrhea; requires hand hygiene with soap and water as alcohol-based gels are ineffective against its spores.

BRAT Diet

A diet consisting of Bananas, Rice, Applesauce, and Toast; specifically suggested as a bland, high soluble diet for managing diarrhea.

Cathartics

Drugs that induce defecation, noted as being stronger than common laxatives.

Carminatives

Anti-flatulence medications used to help expel gas and relieve abdominal distention.

Isotonic Enema

Considered the safest enema type, using normal saline to stimulate peristalsis without fluid movement into or out of the colon.

Sims Position

The left lateral position used when assisting an adult client with the insertion of an enema tube.

Guaiac Test

A diagnostic stool specimen test used to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the stool.

Micturition

The clinical term for urination or voiding the bladder.

Polyuria

The production of abnormally large amounts of urine, often several liters more than the usual daily output, typically exceeding $50\,mL$ an hour.

Oliguria

Low urine output, defined as less than $500\,mL$ a day or less than $30\,mL$ an hour for an adult.

Anuria

The complete lack of urine production.

Enuresis

Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when voluntary bladder control is normally acquired, usually reaching age $4-5$ years.

Specific Gravity

An indicator of urine concentration and hydration status, with a normal range of $1.005-1.030$.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A measure of protein metabolism with a normal range of $10-20\,mg/dL$.

Creatinine Clearance

A diagnostic measure related to muscle breakdown with a normal range of $0.6-1.2\,mg/dL$.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing, which can prevent adequate nourishment and often requires a soft or pureed diet.

TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)

Nutritional intake delivered via an intravenous catheter for patients unable to maintain normal nitrogen balance.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The rate at which the body metabolizes food to maintain energy required for survival and basic functions.

Lacto-ovo Vegetarian

A type of vegetarian who excludes meat but includes eggs and dairy products in their diet.

Hypovolemia

A fluid volume deficit involving an isotonic loss of water and electrolytes, often resulting in hypotension and a weak, thready pulse.

Hypervolemia

A fluid volume excess or overload involving an isotonic gain of water and electrolytes, often causing edema and a bounding pulse.

Abduction

Joint movement of a bone away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Joint movement of a bone towards the midline of the body.

Supination

Movement of the forearm bones so the palm of the hand faces upward, described as 'cupping hands like a bowl of soup'.

Mastication

The process of chewing, for which mechanical soft diets are designed to assist those with difficulties like missing teeth or fatigue.