Flashcards JMC 1013-020 Midterm Study Guide

Vocabulary flashcards derived from the JMC 1013-020 Midterm Study Guide, covering key concepts and terms related to media and culture.

Five eras of communication

The historical phases through which communication has evolved, impacting society and media.These include the oral, written, print, electronic, and digital ages.

The 5-step critical process

A methodical way to analyze and evaluate information in media. This process includes identifying the message, determining its purpose, evaluating the credibility of the source, analyzing the audience, and assessing the impact of the content.

Linear vs. cultural models of communication

Comparing traditional one-way communication with more dynamic, context-based models. Linear models focus on sender and receiver, while cultural models emphasize the role of context and interpretation in communication.

Storytelling as defined by the NSN

A unique conception of storytelling that emphasizes its contemporary relevance.

Traditional storytelling as it relates to modern media practices

The connection between age-old storytelling techniques and current media formats.

History of sound, recording, radio, and TV

Key milestones and personalities that shaped the development of audio and broadcast media.

Role of the radio industry in WWI & WWII

How radio served as a crucial medium for communication during the world wars.

Race and culture issues in early music recording industry

The influence of race and social dynamics on the early days of music recording.

Spectrum scarcity

The limited availability of broadcast frequencies impacting media distribution.

Water cooler culture vs. spoiler culture

Differences between sharing communal viewing experiences versus avoiding spoilers in media.

Online/digital media's relationship to gatekeeping

How digital platforms influence who controls information flow.

Legacy media vs. digital media

The distinction between traditional and modern forms of media.

Marshall McLuhan's 'the medium is the message'

A theory suggesting that the medium delivering the content is as significant as the content itself.

Popularity of TV impacting radio

How television changed the landscape of radio and other entertainment forms.

Quiz Show era of TV

A period marked by the rise of quiz shows and their impact on television.

How cable changed TV news

The influence of cable networks on news broadcasting's format and accessibility.

Hollywood 'Authors'

Film directors and producers who are perceived as the creative force behind movies.

Racism in early Hollywood works

The portrayal and representation of race issues in early films.

Edison, Zukor, and Fox's roles in Hollywood

Key figures instrumental in establishing the Hollywood Studio System.

How newspapers handled competition with radio and TV

Strategies newspapers used to compete with emerging electronic media.

First colonial newspaper shut down

The consequences reflecting colonial America’s relationship with England.

Civil War coverage in newspapers

Significant aspects of how newspapers reported on the Civil War.

The Hearst/Pulitzer rivalry

A competitive relationship between two powerful newspaper magnates.

Minority presses and their social issues

The crucial roles minority press outlets played in society and coverage of specific issues.

Newspapers historical peak

The time of maximum newspaper circulation before declining.

The importance of the First Amendment

The foundational role of the First Amendment in supporting press freedoms.

The importance of the Zenger Trial

A landmark court case significant for establishing principles of freedom of the press.

Narrowcasting

Targeting specific audiences with specialized content rather than a mass audience.

Web 1.0 and 2.0

Evolving stages of the internet from static content to interactive and user-generated content.

Media literacy

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media.

Digital literacy

The skill set required to effectively navigate digital environments.

Mass media

Any medium that communicates to a large audience.

Media fragmentation

The division of media targets into smaller segments, leading to niche audiences.

Gatekeeping

The process by which information is filtered for dissemination.

Media convergence

The merging of distinct media forms and platforms.

Digital vs. analog recording

The difference between electronic data formats and traditional tape-based systems.

Syndication

The distribution of content across multiple platforms and outlets.

MP3

A digital audio format widely used for music and sound files.

First, second, third, and fourth screens

Refers to various media platforms: TV, computers, mobile devices, and emerging technologies.

Definition of 'Culture'

The shared beliefs, practices, and artifacts of a group.

The FRC and the FCC

Regulatory bodies overseeing communication and broadcasting in the U.S.

Narratives in film

The structured stories portrayed within films.

Nickelodeons

Early motion-picture theaters that charged five cents for entry.

Oligopoly

A market structure dominated by a small number of providers.

Independent film (indies)

Films produced outside major studio systems.

Documentary

Filmmaking focused on presenting factual accounts or narratives.

Vertical integration

An arrangement where a company controls multiple stages of production and distribution.

Marketplace of ideas

The concept that ideas compete for acceptance in public discourse.

Muckraking

Investigative journalism aimed at exposing societal issues.

Watchdog journalism

Reporting that monitors and holds authorities accountable.

Citizen journalism

Non-professionals reporting news and events, often through digital platforms.

Yellow journalism

Sensationalist news coverage focusing on exaggeration and drama.

Civic journalism

Journalism that aims to engage citizens in local and national issues.

Backpack journalism

A style of journalism where reporters carry all equipment to self-produce news.

Partisan press

News media that reflects a particular political party’s views.

Wire services

Organizations that gather and distribute news stories.

Objective journalism

Reporting based on facts without influence from personal opinions.

Inverted pyramid

A news writing style that presents the most important information first.

Literary journalism

A style that combines journalistic research with narrative techniques.

Narrowcasting

The practice of targeting specific audiences through media, often with specialized content.

Web 1.0 and 2.0 (DL)

Web 1.0 refers to the early stage of the internet characterized by static pages and limited user interaction, while Web 2.0 represents the evolution towards dynamic, user-generated content and social networking.

Media literacy

The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media in various forms, fostering critical thinking about media messages.

Digital literacy

the ability to effectively find, evaluate, create, and communicate information using digital technologies, essential in today's information-rich environment.

Mass Media

Forms of communication that reach large audiences, including television, radio, newspapers, and the internet.

Media fragmentation

The process where media outlets and audiences become divided into smaller segments due to the proliferation of media options, making it harder for mass messages to reach broad audiences.

Gatekeeping

The process through which information is filtered and curated before it reaches the public, influencing what content is disseminated and which messages are prioritized.

Media convergence

The merging of traditional media with digital technologies, enabling content to flow across multiple platforms and formats.

Digital v. Analog recording

Digital recording captures audio and video in binary code, while analog recording uses continuous signals to represent sound and images.

Syndication

The licensing of content or programming for distribution across multiple media outlets, allowing the same show or article to be broadcasted or published on various platforms.

MP3

A digital audio format that compresses sound files, allowing for efficient storage and playback while maintaining reasonable sound quality.

First, Second, Third, and Fourth screens

The evolution of media formats and platforms, from traditional screens to modern digital displays, reflecting changes in media consumption.

“Culture”

the complex whole of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that are learned and transmitted through social interaction

The FRC

<span>an independent agency of the U.S. government responsible for regulating interstate communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable.</span>

The FCC

<span>a U.S. government agency that regulates communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable, ensuring that all American citizens have access to diverse and affordable communication services.</span>

Narratives (in film)

<span>stories told through visual and audio means in films, often incorporating elements like character development, plot structure, and thematic considerations.</span>

Nickelodeons

early 20th-century small movie theaters that featured short films, often with accompanying music or live performances, popularizing motion pictures among the public.

Oligopoly

A market structure dominated by a small number of large firms, which leads to limited competition and higher prices for consumers.

Independent film (indies)

films produced outside of the major studio system, often characterized by lower budgets, artistic experimentation, and unique storytelling.

Documentary

A non-fiction film genre that documents reality by capturing actual events, people, and situations, often used for educational or informative purposes.

Vertical integration

A business strategy where a company expands its operations into different stages of production within the same industry, often to increase efficiency and control.

Marketplace of Ideas

A theory that suggests that the free exchange of ideas in a competitive environment leads to the discovery of truth and the promotion of public discourse.

Muckraking

Investigative journalism aimed at exposing corruption and social injustices, particularly in politics and business.

Watchdog journalism

A type of journalism that monitors the activities of government, businesses, and other institutions to expose wrongdoing and hold them accountable.

Citizen journalism

The practice of ordinary individuals reporting news and information, often through social media or other online platforms, enabling a broader range of voices in the media landscape.

Yellow Jounalism

A sensationalized style of journalism that emphasizes exaggerated or fabricated stories to attract attention and influence public opinion, often at the expense of accuracy.

Civic journalism

A form of journalism that emphasizes the role of the media in promoting civic engagement and public discourse, often focusing on community issues and encouraging citizen participation.

Backpack journalism

A practice where a single journalist handles all aspects of news production, including reporting, writing, and editing, often utilizing portable technology to share stories.

Partisan Press

A type of journalism that openly supports a particular political party or ideology, often influencing public opinion and shaping political discourse.

Wire Services (in early newspaper)

Organizations that provide news to multiple newspapers and broadcasters, allowing for widespread distribution of information and news coverage across various outlets.

Objective journalism

A style of journalism that strives to report facts without bias, emotion, or opinion, ensuring a fair and balanced presentation of news.

Inverted Pyramid 

A writing style used in journalism where the most important information is presented at the beginning of the article, followed by supporting details in order of descending significance.

Literary journalism

A genre of journalism that combines factual reporting with narrative techniques and literary style to create a more engaging and immersive experience for the reader.