Test 3 Definitions

What is an Arrhenius Acid?

A substance with H in its formula that dissociates in water to yield H⁺ - produces hydronium ions in water

What is an Arrhenius Base?

A substance with OH in its formula that dissociates in water to yield OH^- - produces hydroxide ions in water

What is a Bronsted-Lowry Acid?

A proton donor, any substance that donates an H⁺ ion

What is a Bronsted-Lowry Base?

A proton acceptor, any substance that accepts an H⁺ ion

What is a Lewis Acid?

Any substance that accepts an electron pair

What is a Lewis Base?

Any substance that donates an electron pair

What is a salt?

Ionic compound that results from an acid-base reaction, known as the conjugate acid-base pair

Define buffer capacity.

The amount of acid or base that can be added to a buffer without destroying its effectivenes

What does an amphiprotic substance mean? Hint: H₂O, HCO^- , H₂PO₄^-

A substance that can either donate or accept a proton (H⁺), it can act as both an acid or base

What are neutralization reactions?

When an acid and base combine to form salt + water

What is the value of K_sp?

5.02 × 10^-6

What is the value of K_w?

1.0 × 10^-14

Is the titrant (burette) the base or acid?

base

Is the analyte (flask) the base or acid?

acid

If Q > K the reaction will __________.

go left, forming more reactant

If Q < K, the reaction will __________.

go right, forming more products

If Q = K, the reaction is at __________.

equilibrium

A catalyst affects the activation energy (E_a), NOT the __________, so it does NOT affect the K_c value.

equilibrium

If the value of K_c is high (>> 1) the concentration of the ________ will be high aswell.

products

If the value of K_c is low (<< 1) the concentration of the ________ will be high.

reactant

For an equilibrium (strong acid - strong base) titration, the equivalence point is pH ____ 7

equals (=)

For a basic (strong acid - weak base) titration, the equivalence point is pH _____ 7

less than (<)

For an acidic (strong base - weak acid) titration, the equivalence point is pH ______ 7

more than (>)

When you reverse a reaction, the formula is?

1/K

When you double, triple, etc. a reaction, the multiplier is represented by n, so the formula is?

Kⁿ

If you are adding two reactions together you _______ their K values?

multiply