Biology - Endocrine system

What detects stimuli and how does it respond

Nervous system detects stimuli and responds by sending out electrical signals

Which system is for long and short adjustment

Nervous for short and quick
Endocrine for long

Hormones

Chemical regulators that affect cells from different parts of the body

Endocrine glands

Uses no ducts
Secretes directly into blood or ECF

Exocrine glands

Uses ducts
Secretions into ducts that lead outside the body

Target tissue/organ

Organ/tissue meant for a specific hormone

What are the 2 ways hormones can be identified as

Protein and steroid

cAMP

A secondary messanger in many biological processses

Secondary messenger

A small molecule that carries a receptor to trigger a responce

Protein hormone

Water soluble and made out of AA chain
Secreted by endocrine into blood/ECF
Can’t pass membrane
Causes a signal inside cell to release, causing enzyme chain reaction causing responce

Steroid hormone

Derived from cholesterol
Not water soluble
Often combines with protein carrier
Easily crosses membrane
Hormone receptor complex binds a control sequence

4 major features of hormone action

Only targets cells that contain receptors respond to hormone
Once bound, hormones turn cellular processes on or off
Hormones are effective in little amounts due to the way they get amplified
Response to hormones differs between organ and species

What mechanism monitors most hormones

Feedback mechanism
End product inhibits earlier step

How many hormones affect a body process at once

Many