Blood and Heart Physiology
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These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to blood and heart physiology.
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38 Terms
Viscosity
A measure of thickness, blood has a viscosity about three times greater than water.
pH of Blood
Slightly alkaline with a normal range of 7.35–7.45.
Leukocytes
White blood cells that are part of the immune system and protect against pathogens.
Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells that begins in the red bone marrow.
Hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells used to carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
Erythropoietin
A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
Platelet Plug Formation
A process in hemostasis where platelets aggregate at the site of a blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss.
Atrioventricular Valves
Valves located between the atria and ventricles, specifically the tricuspid and mitral valves that prevent backflow of blood.
Pacemaker Cells
Cells in the sinoatrial node that initiate the heartbeat by generating action potentials.
Systole
The contraction phase of the heart where blood is pumped out.
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart where the chambers fill with blood.
Atherosclerosis
A condition characterized by the deposition of plaques on the arterial wall, narrowing the arteries and increasing resistance to blood flow.
Chronotropic Agents
Factors that affect heart rate, increasing (positive) or decreasing (negative) the rate of contraction.
Fetal Circulation
The circulatory process in a fetus where blood bypasses the lungs and liver through specific structures.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Condition that occurs when an Rh- mother develops antibodies against Rh+ fetal blood, leading to agglutination and hemolysis of fetal red blood cells.
Anemia
A condition marked by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity.
Hemostasis
The process to stop bleeding, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.
Coronary Circulation
Blood flow through coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, identifying phases like atrial and ventricular contraction.
Viscosity
A measure of thickness, blood has a viscosity about three times greater than water.
pH of Blood
Slightly alkaline with a normal range of 7.35–7.45.
Leukocytes
White blood cells that are part of the immune system and protect against pathogens.
Erythropoiesis
The production of red blood cells that begins in the red bone marrow.
Hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells used to carry oxygen and some carbon dioxide.
Erythropoietin
A hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in response to low oxygen levels.
Platelet Plug Formation
A process in hemostasis where platelets aggregate at the site of a blood vessel injury to prevent blood loss.
Atrioventricular Valves
Valves located between the atria and ventricles, specifically the tricuspid and mitral valves that prevent backflow of blood.
Pacemaker Cells
Cells in the sinoatrial node that initiate the heartbeat by generating action potentials.
Systole
The contraction phase of the heart where blood is pumped out.
Diastole
The relaxation phase of the heart where the chambers fill with blood.
Atherosclerosis
A condition characterized by the deposition of plaques on the arterial wall, narrowing the arteries and increasing resistance to blood flow.
Chronotropic Agents
Factors that affect heart rate, increasing (positive) or decreasing (negative) the rate of contraction.
Fetal Circulation
The circulatory process in a fetus where blood bypasses the lungs and liver through specific structures.
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Condition that occurs when an Rh- mother develops antibodies against Rh+ fetal blood, leading to agglutination and hemolysis of fetal red blood cells.
Anemia
A condition marked by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity.
Hemostasis
The process to stop bleeding, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and blood clotting.
Coronary Circulation
Blood flow through coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, identifying phases like atrial and ventricular contraction.