p6 - molecules and matter
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22 Terms
density formula
mass / volume
what is the density of water
1000kg/m^3
when do objects float
if they have a density of less than 1000kg/m^3
least energetic state of matter
solid
why does a change of state not mean a change of mass
as there are the same number of particles in the object
what states have particles that move randomly
liquids and gas
what is needed to melt or boil a solid or liquid
thermal energy
what does increasing the temperature of a substance do
increases its internal energy
what is the pressure of gas on a surface caused by
gas particles hitting the surface
what is internal energy
the energy stored by the particles of a substance
what is potential energy
the stored energy an object or system possesses due to its position, state, or configuration relative to other objects
if a substance melts or boils what happens to its potential energy
it increases
what is latent heat
the energy needed for a substance to change its state without changing its temperature
what is the specific latent heat of fusion/vaporisation
the energy needed to melt or boil 1kg of a substance without changing its temperature
latent heat fromula
specific latent heat OF VAPORISATION = energy/mass
how can the specific latent heat of ice be measured
using a low voltage heater
what is the random motion of tiny particles called
brownian motion
what is boyle's law formula
pressure x volume = constant
why does temperature of a gas increase if it is compressed quickly
as energy isnt transferred quickly enough to the surroundings after work is done on it
what is the centre of mass of an object
the point where its mass can be thought of as being concentrated
when an object is suspended where is the centre of mass
directly below the point of suspension
where is the centre of mass on an irregular object (practical)
make a small hole near the edge of an irregular shape and hang it from a retort stand using a pin.
attach a plumb line from the same point so it hangs freely in front of the object.
when the object is still, draw a line along the plumb line onto the object.
repeat this from at least two different suspension points.
the intersection of the lines is the centre of mass because the object always hangs so its weight acts directly below the point of suspension, and repeating gives multiple vertical lines that cross at the centre.