Psychological Models and Helping Relationships

These flashcards cover key concepts related to medical, public health, and human services models, as well as important aspects of the helping relationship.

Medical Model

A framework focusing on symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and cure; associated with interventions like psychiatric meds and electroshock therapy.

Primary mode of treatment in Medical Model

Antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs, and anti-anxiety drugs.

Public Health Model

A model emphasizing societal impacts on individual health, focusing on prevention, with examples like immunization campaigns.

Primary mode of treatment in Public Health Model

Prevention and health promotion at the population level.

Human Services Model

An interdisciplinary approach focused on client empowerment and fixing environmental problems.

Strengths focused therapy

Therapeutic approach emphasizing client strengths and self-sufficiency.

Problem Solving Approach

A treatment method that identifies problems, determines client strengths, and describes the context for intervention.

Key agencies in Department of Health and Human Services

FDA, CDC, NIH, NIMH, SAMHSA.

Federal organization overseeing public health

Department of Health and Human Services.

Jobs recently cut in the FDA

20,000 jobs.

Jobs recently cut in the CDC

3,500 jobs.

Jobs recently cut in NIH

2,400 jobs.

Goals of the helping process

Client empowerment, self-sufficiency, building on clients' strengths, and cultivating hope.

Foundation of helping

Ethical decision making, understanding the whole person, and developing a therapeutic relationship.

Important aspects of the helping relationship

Professional alliance based on ethical standards and specific facilitating skills.

Preparation by a helper before a client session

Look for physical barriers, distractions, confidentiality, and review client information.

Stages of working with clients

Relationship building, assessment, goal setting, action, evaluation, and termination.

Nonverbal behaviors in helping

Body language, posture, tone of voice, gestures, and eye contact.

Verbal behaviors in helping

Active listening, empathy, leaning forward, and facilitating client exploration.

Cognitive component of a message

Facts, details, and specifics.

Attending behavior

Supporting a client verbally through vocal quality and body language.

Closed ended questions

Questions that elicit specific facts necessary for the helping process.

Drawbacks of closed ended questions

Limited information, reduced trust, potential bias, and inability to identify unknowns.

Open ended questions

Questions designed to elicit detailed responses from clients.

Examples of inefficient questions

Do you have a good relationship with your mother? Are you feeling sad today?

Consequences of relying too heavily on questions

Hinders the helping relationship and intervention effectiveness.

Resistance in a client

Conscious or unconscious opposition towards the helping process.

Motivational interviewing

A person-centered counseling method focused on resolving ambivalence and enhancing motivation.

Crisis definition

Disruption in normal functioning leading to intense anxiety and failure of coping mechanisms.

Resolution focused brief therapy

Goal-oriented therapy focused on the present and client strengths.

Differences in helping relationships

Structured, goal-oriented, client-focused, with professional boundaries.

Paraphrasing in helping

A goal-directed exchange that shows clients they are heard.

Termination in the helping relationship

Ending the professional association between helper and client.

Expected vs Unexpected termination

Expected termination is planned, while unexpected termination is sudden and unplanned.

When to discuss termination with a client

Early and continuously throughout the helping relationship.

Client vs Consumer

A client has a long-term relationship with trust; a consumer uses services.

Whole person approach

Recognizes multiple client needs and considers context in care.

Components of the whole person approach

Holistic care focusing on physical, social, emotional, and economic contexts.

Life span perspective

Development as a continuous process across life stages.

Situational perspective

Problems arising from events like accidents or life changes.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Theory that suggests meeting basic needs before addressing higher needs.

Wellness perspective

Holistic concept of happiness encompassing multiple self-levels.

Strengths perspective

Therapeutic approach helping clients focus on their past strengths.

Environmental influences perspective

Factors that shape a client’s history, situation, and problems.

Feminist perspective

Focus on power dynamics and promoting social justice.

Types of referrals

Self, professional, inadvertent, and involuntary referrals.

Inadvertent help examples

Assistance for neighborhood victims or those affected by nature disasters.

Barriers to seeking help

Overwhelming problems, cultural concerns, and logistical challenges.