UTS

Spiritual Self

The unseen aspect that provides insight, intuition, and knowledge beyond our five senses.

Religion

A cultural system of beliefs and practices that encompasses the understanding of the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe.

Ritual

Ceremonial acts prescribed by tradition or sacred law, often expressing respect, awe, or dread about the sacred and symbolizing beliefs.

Buddhism

A spiritual tradition based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama, emphasizing personal spiritual development and insight into the true nature of life.

Buddhism

Life is unsatisfactory, breaking the cycle involves practicing ethics, meditation, and cultivating wisdom for understanding and accepting things as they are.

Nirvana (salvation/moshka)

The ultimate goal shaped by a cyclical pattern involving suffering, teaching, meditation, and cyclical lives.

Pathfinder

Buddha is not considered a God but a _____. His teachings provide the path towards enlightenment and liberation from suffering.

Christianity

The belief that God became fully present in Jesus Christ, reconciling humanity through his death on the cross, resurrection, and inspiration by the Holy Spirit.

God the Father, God the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Holy Trinity

Hinduism

The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth governed by Karma. Beneficial effects result from past beneficial actions.

Islam

Willing submission to God, belief in the unity and universality of Allah. Prophet Mohammed is seen as the final prophet, and Quran is the Holy Book.

Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Hajj, and Sawm

Islam Pillars of Worship

Judaism

The Jewish beliefs rooted in the Torah, including the awaited Messiah, emphasis on free will, and the concept of the chosen people.

Judaism 13 Principles of Faith

Core principles of Judaism which include God's eternal nature, Moses as the greatest prophet, and the resurrection of the dead.

Samatha

develops calm, concentration, and positive emotion and is practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving-kindness (Metta Bhavana).

Vipassana

aim at developing insight into reality. Developing and cultivating wisdom happens thru studying and reflecting on the DHARMA, the Buddha’s teaching.

Dukkha, Samudayathe, Nirhodhathe, Magga

Four Noble Truths

Dukkha

truth of suffering

Samudayathe

truth of the cause of the suffering

Nirhodhathe

truth of the end of suffering

Magga

the truth of the path that frees us from suffering

Sawm

“During the month of Ramadan (9th month of the Islamic lunar calendar), Muslims are required to abstain from food, drink, and sexual acts from dawn until sunset.

Hakajj

“An annual pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a requirement at least once in a lifetime for those who can afford it.”

Zakat

“Two and a half percent of a Muslim’s assets or a given specified amount in welfare tax to benefit the poor.”

Salat

“Prayer five times a day at given times.”

Shahada

“There is no God but the one true God and Mohammed is his messenger.”

Torah

Law that constitutes the Jewish way of life.

Chosen people

The Jews are sometimes called

Viktor Frankl's Theory

Theory derived from experiences in Nazi death camps. Survival linked to hope, projects, and faith.

Logotherapy

Focus on the will to meaning. Meaning discovered through creation, experience, and attitude.*

Creation or deed, Experience or encounter, Attitude toward suffering.

3 Ways of Discovering Meaning

Experiential Values

Finding meaning through valued experiences. Love as the ultimate goal.

Creative Values

Self-meaning through projects and life's endeavors. Creativity as a function of the spiritual unconscious.

Attitudinal Values

Choosing meaningful attitudes. Freedom in attitude choice.

Reflect, Refocus, Respond

Three Strategies for Greater Happiness

Logos

means study, word, spirit, God, or meaning.

Noödynamics

Frankl's term for the tension between what one has already achieved and what one ought to achieve. tension is necessary for health

Material self

primarily is about our bodies, clothes, immediate family, and home. We are deeply affected by these things because we have put much investment of ourselves into them.

Bodily self and Extracorporeal self

two categories of material self

Consumerism

The theory is that increasing the consumption of goods is economically desirable.

Biological view

The brain includes a distinct dopamine pathway which plays a major role in the motivational component of reward

Fable of the Bees (1714)

Bernard Mandeville's work where he stated that “the development of the country is primarily dependent on the self

Psychological view

what view is applicable to Mandeville's quote?

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self Actualization

Five stages of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs

Pre conditional Stage: Childhood

It is the phase wherein children comply with the values of those who assert power over them (parents, teachers, nuns, priests).

Conventional Stage: Youth

During the conventional stage of youth, adolescence identify with their peers, idols, and teachers due to interpersonal communication

Post

Conventional Stage: Adulthood

Buti

it is something desired of what is good.

Pamantayan

standards that enable us to organize our ideas and interpret experiences within the context of the commonly shared meaning of things, events, or actions

Halaga

worth, importance, evaluation, or assessment

Asal

primarily behavior concept which refers to the intrinsic quality and meaning of action.

Filipinos

are “…those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Philippines, those born before January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority, and those who are naturalized under law,” (1987).

Colonial mentality

lack of patriotism and the attitude that Filipinos favor foreign products more than their own.

Mañana habit

Filipino term for procrastination. It was derived from a longer Filipino phrase called “mamayana”

Ningas kugon

refers to the attitude of eagerly starting things, but quickly losing eagerness soon after experiencing difficulty just as fast as the fire has ignited.

Crab mentality

A toxic trait among Filipinos is that one resents the achievement of another, instead of feeling happy for that person.

Emotional Self Awareness

is the ability to understand your own emotions and their effects on your performance.

Emotion

mind and body’s integrated response to a stimulus of some kind; involve physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.

Aristotle

he stated that emotion “are all those feelings that so change men as to affect their judgments, and that are also attended by pain or pleasure. Such are anger, pity, fear, and the like, with their opposites.”

James – Lange Theory

The theory is that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli.

Walter Bradford Canon

He opposed James – Lange Theory and thought that too many of the body’s reactions were too similar.

Canon–Bard Theory

The theory is that an emotion -arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion.

Two Factor Theory

to experience emotion, one must (1)be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal.

Stanley Schachter And Jerome Singer

who devised the Two Factor Theory

Arousal

an increase in reactivity or wakefulness that primes us for some kind of action.

Robert Zajonc

Content that all our emotions are the results of just putting a name to our arousal. He suggested that many of our emotional reaction occurs separately or even before our cognition can send.

Paul Eckman

emotion psychologist who identified six basic emotions that he suggested were universally experienced in all human cultures.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

facial expressions can help regulate our emotions.

Happiness, Sadness, Disgust, Fear, Surprise, And Anger. He later included Pride, Shame, Embarrassment, And Excitement.

Eckman’s six basic emotions

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

Evidence based psychotherapy that began with efforts to treat borderline personality disorder.

Marsha Linehan

She developed DBT as a modified form of cognitive

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

focuses on challenging and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions and behaviors, improving regulation, and developing personal coping strategies that target solving current problems