Joints of the Skeleton

What is a joint

a location where two or more bones come together

What is the joint also known as

articulation

What are the two roles of joints

allows us to move and holds our skeleton together

how many types of joints are there

3

How many types of names do joints have

2

what is the anatomical name

based upon what separates the bones

what is the physiological name

based upon how well the joint moves

what is the fibrous joints physiological name

synarthrosis

what is the cartilaginous joints physiological name

amphiarthrosis

what is the synovial joints physiological name

Diarthrosis

what is the fibrous joint

it is immovable

what is the cartilaginous joint

it is slightly moveable

what is the synovial joint

it is freely moving

what is the fibrous joint separated by

Fibrous connective tissue

what is the cartilaginous joint separated by

cartilage

what is the synovial joint separated by

synovial fluid

what are examples of the fibrous joint

cranial sutures and teeth in sockets

what are examples of the cartilaginous joint

pubic symphysis, intervertebral disc

what are examples of the synovial joint

knee joint and shoulder joint

what are the hinge joint

most common type of joint, allows one type of movement, allows a joint only to bend and straighten (flex and extend)

what are examples of hinge joints

femur-tibia, phalanges-phalanges, temporomandibular joint

what is the pivot joint

allows only 180 degree rotation, one bone rotates around another

what is the saddle joint

allows two types of movement, allows a joint to bend and straighten, also allows a joint to move side-side

What is the plane joint

bones side against each other like blocks gliding against each, common in short bones

what is ball and socket joints

allows many different types of movements, most moveable type of joint

what is a condyloid joint

allows two types of movements, allows a joint to bend (flex) and straighten (extend) allows a joint to slightly shift side-to-side, a modified ball and socket joint

examples of hinge joints

femur-tibia, phalanges-phalanges, temporomandibular joint

what is examples of pivot joint

atlas-axis, radius-humerus

examples of saddle joints

metacarpal of the thumb-trapezium

example of the plane joints

carpals and tarsals

what are examples of ball and socket joints

humerus-scapula, femur-pelvis

what are examples of condyloid

proximal Phalanges-metacarpals

what is flexion

decreasing an angle between two bones (bending)

what is extension

increasing an angle between two bones (straightening)

what is hyperextension

extending beyond a straight line (back bend or looking up)

what is dorsiflexion

toes/foot pointing upwards

what is plantarflexion

toes/foot pointing downwards

what is abduction

pulling limbs from the midline

what is adduction

bringing limbs back towards the midline

what is circumduction

circular motion at a ball and socket joint not twisting (shoulder circles or hip circles”

what is Rotation

180-degree rotation (twisting) (neck wrist shoulder, hip)

what is Lateral rotation

rotating out to the side (head turned out)

what is medial rotation

rotating in toward midline (bringing head back)

what is supination

palm rotates up

what is pronation

palm rotates down

what is eversion

elevating your lateral soles (big toe side down)

what is inversion

elevating your medial soles (pinkie toe side own)

what is protraction

to stick out

what is retraction

to pull back in

what is elevation

to raise up

what is depression

to lower

what is 1

Hyperextension the back

what is 2

extension of the back

what is 3

flexion the back

what is 4

extension of the upper limb at the shoulder joint

what is 5

extension of the lower limb at the knee joint

what is 6

flexion of the lower limb at the knee joint

what is 7

Flexion of the upper limb at the shoulder joint

what is 8

lateral rotation of the head

what is 9

lateral rotation of the lower limb

what is 10

medial rotation of the lower limb at the hip joint

what is 11

dorsiflexion

what is 12

plantarflexion

what is 13

abduction of the upper limb

what is 14

adduction of the upper limb

what is 15

circumduction of the upper limb

what is 16

supination

what is 17

pronation

what is 18

inversion

what is 19

eversion

what is 20

depression of the shoulder

what is 21

elevation of the shoulder

what is 22

protraction of the jaw

what is 23

retraction of the jaw

what is A

Condyloid joint

what is B

Pivot Joint

what is C

Ball and socket joint

what is D

Saddle joint

what is E

Hinge Joint

what is F

Plane Joint

what kind of synovial joint is the atlas-axis

pivot joint

what kind of synovial joint is the humerus-scapula

ball and socket

what kind of synovial joint is the radius-humerus

pivot joint

what kind of synovial joint is the carpal bones

plane joint

what kind of synovial joints are the wrist joints (radius/ulna-carpals)

condyloid

what kind of synovial joint is femur-tibia

hinge

what kind of synovial joint is temporal bone -parietal bone

not a synovial joint (fibrous)

what kind of synovial joint is tarsal bones

plane joint

what kind of synovial joint is femur-pelvis

ball and socket

what kind of synovial joint is metacarpal of thumb-trapezium

saddle joint

what kind of synovial joint is tempormandibular joint

hinge

what kind of synovial joint is proximal phalanx-metacarpal

condyloid