W5.1 - movement constructs

Symmetry

Perfect agreement of external kinetics and kinematics of movement

Speed

Velocity of segment from start to finish

How do we measure symmetry?

Symmetry index or ratios

How do we measure speed?

Movement time

Amplitude

ROM used to complete a task

How do we measure amplitude (4)

rom, step length, stride length, distance

Alignment

Biomechanical relationship of body segments to one another/to the BOS

How do we measure alignment

Orientation (ie ant/post)

What are the 2 constructs for postural control

Verticality and stability

Verticality

Ability to orient the body in relation to the line of gravity

How do we measure verticality

Plumb line

Stability

Ability to control body’s COM in relation to the BOS

How do we measure stability (2)

Sway, center of pressure

What are the 4 constructs for coordination

Smoothness, sequencing, timing, accuracy

Smoothness

Movement happens in a continual fashion without interruptions to velocity or trajectory

How do we measure smoothness

kinematic analysis such as acceleration and jerk

Sequencing

Specific order of motor output required to achieve the goal

How do we measure sequencing

Joint coordination, checking order of movements

Timing

relative percentage of time devoted to movement segments, including initiation, execution, and termination

How do we measure timing? (2)

Reaction time, relative timing measures

Timing is impacted by: (2)

Impaired sensation and proprioception

What is an example of poor timing that would cause a knee buckle in loading response?

Late quad firing

Accuracy

Closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value (output should occur within expected parameters)

How do we measure accuracy

Spatial or variable errors

What general deficits can cause gait dysfunction (5)

Strength, ROM, pain, sensory changes, motor control

If a patient presents with uncontrolled knee extension, what might the deficit be?

Knee flexor weakness (poor eccentric control)

If a patient presents with inadequate hip extension during terminal stance, what might be the deviation? (3 options)

Tight hip flexors, weakness hip flexors, DR ROM restriction