AP 5 terms

Pennsylvania Dutch

Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania.

Scots-Irish

Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the western frontier of the middle and southern colonies.

Paxton Boys and Regulators

Rebellious movement of North Carolina frontiersmen against eastern domination that included future President Andrew Jackson.

Convicts

Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities.

Smallpox

Dread disease that afflicted one out of every five colonial Americans, including George Washington.

Fishing Industry

Lucrative profession, especially prevalent in New England, that marketed its product to the Catholic nations of southern Europe.

Triangular Trade

Small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies.

Taverns

Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate.

Established Churches

Term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics.

Great Awakening

Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s.

New Lights

Ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the old light clergy who rejected it.

Arminians

Followers of a Dutch theologian who challenged traditional Calvinist doctrine by arguing for free will and the dispensation of divine grace beyond a few elect.

Zenger Case

The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel.

University of Pennsylvania

The first American college not to be sponsored by a religious denomination, strongly supported by Benjamin Franklin.

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Benjamin Franklin’s highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice.

Philadelphia

Leading city of the colonies; home of Benjamin Franklin.

African Americans

Largest non-English group in the colonies.

Scots-Irish

Group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities.

Paxton Boys and Regulators

Scots-Irish frontiersmen who protested against colonial elites of Pennsylvania and North Carolina.

Patrick Henry

Eloquent lawyer-orator who argued in defense of colonial rights.

Molasses Act

Attempt by British authorities to squelch colonial trade with French West Indies.

Anglican Church

Established religion in southern colonies and New York; weakened by lackadaisical clergy and too-close ties with the British crown.

Jonathan Edwards

Brilliant New England theologian who instigated the Great Awakening.

George Whitefield

Itinerant British evangelist who spread the Great Awakening throughout the colonies.

Phillis Wheatley

Former slave who became a poet at an early age.

Benjamin Franklin

Author, scientist, printer; “the first civilized American.”

John Peter Zenger

Colonial printer whose case helped begin freedom of the press.

Quakers

Dominant religious group in colonial Pennsylvania, criticized by others for their attitudes toward Indians.

Baptists

Non-established religious group that benefited from the Great Awakening.

John Singleton Copley

Colonial painter who studied and worked in Britain.