History of Architecture (All terms combined)

Mousterian paleolithic sub period: Prehistory

Use of pigments for bodily ornamentation

Aurignacian: paleolithic sub period: Prehistory

cave paintings

Magdalenian: paleolithic sub period: Prehistory

THE LAST OF THE HUNTER GATHERERS, ART FOUND; ENGRAVINGS OF ANIMALS ON BONE

Venus of Willendorf: Prehistory

This Old Stone Age statuette exhibits exaggerated female features. 4 and 1/2" tall made of limestone

trullo: Prehistory

conical stine roofed building unique to the region of puglia in italy

megalith: Prehistory

a large stone that forms a prehistoric monument

menhir: Prehistory

a large, single upright standing stone

dolmen: Prehistory

a free standing chamber, consisting of standing stones covered by a capstone as a kid

orthostat: Prehistory

An upright slab forming part of a larger structure

stone row: Prehistory

A linear arrangement of upright, parallel standing stones

taula: Prehistory

a straight standing stone, topped with another forming a T shape

trilithon: Prehistory

Two parallel upright stones with a horizontal stone called lintel placed on top

Pharaoh: Mesopotamian

egyptian God

Hieroglyphics: Mesopotamian

Egyptian writing that involved using pictures to represent words.

The Law Code of Hammurabi: Mesopotamian

comprising of 300 statues riwtten in 51 akkadian columns

Cuneiform: Mesopotamian

A system of writing in which wedge-shaped symbols represented words or syllables.

Lamassu: Mesopotamian

Great stone statue of a human headed winged bull that preceded the Palace of Ishtar

Crenellation: Mesopotamian

the battlements of a castle or other building.

Ziggurat: Mesopotamian

A rectangular tiered temple or terraced mound erected by the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians

Ishtar Gate: Mesopotamian

Entrance gate to the palace of sargon, named after the goddess of love, fertility and war.

Tower of Babel: Mesopotamian

a seven tiered ziggurat rising from a base of 297 sq ft.

Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Mesopotamian

Ancient Wonder. Built for king's wife who was homesick.

Apadana: Mesopotamian

a large hypostyle hall begun by Darius and finished by Xerxes, that was used mainky for great receptions by the Kings.

amon: Ancient egyptian

THE GOD OF THEBES. SACRED ANIMALS THE RAM AND GOOSE

Anubis: Ancient egyptian

Jackal-god; patron of embalmers, god of necropolis

aten: Ancient egyptian

The god of the sun-disk; worshipped as the creator god by Akhenaten

bes: Ancient egyptian

HELPER OF WOMEN IN CHILDBIRTH, PROTECTOR AGAINST SNAKES AND OTHER DANGERS; DEPICTED AS A DWARF WITH FEATURES OF A LION.

hapi: Ancient egyptian

god of the nile flood, depicted as man with female breasts

Hathor: Ancient egyptian

the goddess of children: depicted as a cow, or as a woman with cow's horns

Horus: Ancient egyptian

the falcon- He was the son of Isis and Osiris, shown with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. The pharaohs were thought to represent Horus on earth.

Imhotep: Ancient egyptian

THE ARCHITECT WHO WAS LATER DEIFIED AS THE GOD OF LEARNING AND MEDICINE

isis: Ancient egyptian

the divine mother, one of protector-goddesses, protecting coffins and canopic jars

maat: Ancient egyptian

Goddess of truth: depicted as a woman with ostrich fetaher on her head

mut: Ancient egyptian

THE WIFE OF AMON; ORIGINALLY THE VULTURE GODDESS; LATER DEPICTED AS A WOMAN.

Osiris: Ancient egyptian

God of the underworld identified as the dead king: depicted as a mummified king

ptah: Ancient egyptian

Creator god of memphis, oatron God of craftsmen: depicted as a mummiform man

ra(e): Ancient egyptian

the sun God of heliopolis: supreme judge: depicted as falcon-headed

seth: Ancient egyptian

the God of storms and violence: brother and murderess of Osiris, rival of Horus, depicted as a pig, ass hippopotamus etc

sphinx: Ancient egyptian

A mythical Egyptian beast, frequently symbolizing the pharaoh as an incarnation of thw sun God ra. recumbent position with the head of a man, and the body of a lion, although some were constructed with rams heads and others with hawks heads

sarcophagus: Ancient egyptian

A carved stone coffin in which the linen wrapped mummy was placed

Imhotep: Ancient egyptian

the first recorded artist of western history, architect to Zoser. enjoyed the status of a court official and was later deified

Mastabas: Ancient egyptian

Funerary temples for commoners; later developed into step pyramids, on top of each other

necropolis: Ancient egyptian

City of mastabas

Pyramids: Ancient egyptian

a massive funerary structure of a stone or brick with a square base and four sloping triangular sides meeting at the apex, used mainly in ancient egypt

stepped, bent, straight: Ancient egyptian

types of pyramids

obelisk: Ancient egyptian

A square shaft with pyramidal top, usually monumental or commemorative.

egyptian Temples: Ancient egyptian

post and lintel construction characterized as a forest of columns

Mortuary Temple: Ancient egyptian

For the dead pharaoh

Cult Temple: Ancient egyptian

For popular worship of the ancient gods

Rock-Hewn Tombs / temples: Ancient egyptian

Located on cliffs where they cut labyrinth passageways that led to ceremonial and burial chambers which were later replaced by temples

mortuary, cult, rock hewn: Ancient egyptian

types of egyptian temple

parts of an egyptian temple plan: Ancient egyptian

pylon, peristyle. hypostyle hall, sanctuary

egyptian pylon: Ancient egyptian

monumental gateway to an egyptian temple, consisting of a pair of tower structures with slsnting walls flanking the entrance portal

egyptian hypostyle hall: Ancient egyptian

contains a double row of columns higher than the others

egyptian sanctuary: Ancient egyptian

contains a small shrine which was used as receotscle for the small statue of a God

Papyrus Bundle: Ancient egyptian

from papyrus, the plant symbolizing lower egypt suggests the presence of a temple, can have circular or ribbed shafts

Lotiform: Ancient egyptian

Used in non-secular buildings

campaniform flower: Ancient egyptian

OR BELL SHAPED FORM EITHER LILY OR PAPYRUS

Giza Pyramids: Ancient egyptian

the most elaborate of egyptian requirement for the afterlife pyramid of khufu

the great sphinx: Ancient egyptian

symbol of protection, hewn out of natural limestone with the addition of stone blocks: molded into s humsn headed lion with the face representing khafre, a paved open temple is located betweem its paws

Pyramid of Khafre: Ancient egyptian

the great sphinx

pyramid of khufu

pyramid of menkaure

Giza Pyramids: Ancient egyptian

pyramid of khafre

stepped pyramid of Zoser

mortuary temple of Queen hatchupset

great temple of amun, karnak

great temple of abu-simbel

Stepped Pyramid of zoser: Ancient egyptian

the first pyramid ever built, it is a stepped pyramid built to hous ethe ka of king zoser

Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut: Ancient egyptian

composed of three large terraces connected to each other by ramps

Great Temple of Amun at Karnak: Ancient egyptian

Boasts of a hypostyle hall with 134 freestanding columns in 16 rows. The site is built by a sacred lake

great temple of abu simbel: Ancient egyptian

A rock cut temple commissioned by Rameses II to honor his own memory

Palace of Knossos: Aegean

A spreading palace of stone and wood for King Minos with so many chambers above and below ground

Cycladic, Minoan, Mycenaean: Aegean

three civilizations that flourished on the aegean ses

Funerary Mask / mask of agamemnon: Aegean

mycenaean funerary gold mask. found in tomb v in royal circle a at the acropolis of mycenae

Megaron: Aegean

Big room, prehistoric throne room.

parts of a megaron: Aegean

enclosing a circular heart

antechamber

front porch with two columns

tholos: Aegean

beehive tomb

corbelling: Aegean

Arranging the courses of layers of stone so that each level projects over a stone

kouros: greek

robed standing youth

severe style: greek

characterized by movement: towards increasing naturalness and freedom of form; used the lost wax method and bronze casting.e.g bronze, charioteer,poseidon

Severe Style: greek

example: bronze charioteer, poseidon

black figure: greek

the artist painted the figure in black silhouette with a slip msde of clay and water

red figure: greek

the process was reversed, as figures were left in red against a blsck background snd details were painted in black

white-ground: greek

a wash of white clay formed the background. figures were then applied in black and additional colors were added

greek pottery division

storage and transport vessels

mixing vessels

jugs and cuos

vases for oils

Hydria: greek

A water jar with three handles

Lekythos: greek

Flask for storing and pouring oil

Krater: greek

a large vessel with two handles used to mix water and wine

Volute Krater: greek

a krater where the tops of the handles have a volute or scroll. More commonly decorated in the red-figure style.

Amphora: greek

Vessel for storing honey, olive oil, water, or wine

Kylix: greek

a stemmed cup with two horizontal handles and a stemmed foot, used for drinking wine. One of the most common shapes in Greek pottery, over 30 varieties exist.

Oenochoe: greek

Jug for pouring wine

Skyphos: greek

deep bowl

olpe: greek

Used for drinking; considered a type of mug

Pelike: greek

a jar used for storing liquids such as oils and wines. Also used to contain ashes after cremation.

pyxis: greek

a small circular box with a lid, often used for the storage of jewellery and toileteries.

Rhyton: greek

used in religious practices for thw pouring of libations, they may also take the shape of animsl heads, especially bulls

Doric Order: greek

earliest and most massive. the column has no base, a fluted shaft and plain

Ionic Order: greek

lighter than doric. fluted shaft has a base volute capital (most female)

Corinthian Order: greek

a variant of the Ionic order with its plinth and fluted shaft and its distinctive ornate capital

parts of major greek orders

upright column

base and capital

horizintal entablature

Stylobate: greek

The topmost step of three steps

shaft: greek

the column itself composed of individual sections (drums) and co ncave grooves (flutes) with a base and capital

Capital: greek

the topmost structural member of a column

necking: greek

snug band at the top of the shaft