Reactions Unit Test (Mrs. Herrick Honors Chemistry)

Chemical Reaction

A process involving the rearrangement of atoms or molecules to form new substances with different properties

Chemical Change

A process where one or more substances are altered into one or more new substances with different compositions and properties

Chemical Equation

A written representation of the process that occurs in a chemical reaction

Reactants

Substances that start a chemical reaction

Product

The substances that are formed as a result of the reaction

(s)

Solid

(l)

Liquid

(g)

Gas

(aq)

Aqueous solution

Aqueous Solution

A solution in which the solvent is water

Precipitate

A solid substance that forms when two aqueous solutions react and produce an insoluble compound

Single Replacement Reactions

Occurs when one element replaces another element in a compound

Oxidation

The loss of electrons from an atom or molecule during a chemical reaction

Reduction

A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons by a molecule, atom, or ion

Synthesis Reactions

A type of chemical reaction where two or more simple substances combine to form a more complex substance

Decomposition Reaction

A type of chemical reaction where one compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances

Combustion Reaction

Involves a substance reacting rapidly with oxygen, often resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide and water

Coefficients

Numerical values placed in front of chemical formulas in chemical equations to indicate the proportion of reactants and products

Subscript

Used after an element symbol to indicate the number of atoms present in a molecule or compound

List signs or evidence of a chemical change

• Color changes

• Temperature changes

• Bubble production

• Odor emission

• Formation of a precipitate

Complete Ionic Equation

Shows all of the ions present as either reactants or products in a chemical reaction

Net Ionic Equation

A chemical equation that shows only the molecules or ions participating in a chemical reaction, getting rid of the spectator ions

7 Diatomic Elements

• Br

• I

• N

• Cl

• H

• O

• F

Spectator Ions

Ions that exist in the same form on both sides of a chemical equation. They do not participate directly in the reaction

What type of reaction is taking place?

Synthesis

What type of reaction is taking place?

Decomposition

What type of reaction is taking place?

Double replacement

What type of reaction is taking place?

Single replacement

What type of reaction is taking place?

Combustion

Solute

Substance dissolved in a solution

Solvent

The most plentiful substance in a solution

Is a chemical reaction taking place?: A tomato smells rotten

Yes

Is a chemical reaction taking place?: A drinking glass breaks into smaller pieces

No

Is a chemical reaction taking place?: A piece of ice melts

No

Is a chemical reaction taking place?: A solid “growth” forms on a piece of aluminum metal when added to copper II chloride

Yes

Is a chemical reaction taking place?: Candle wax burns

Yes

What substances were involved when a rusty solid formed over the aluminum wire during the Copper Reaction Lab?

Cu (s)

What substances were involved when the blue precipitate turned black once heated during the Copper Reaction Lab?

Cu(OH)₂ (s) → CuO (s)

What substances were involved when a blue green solution formed when acid was added to the mixture during the Copper Reaction Lab?

CuSO₄ (aq)