Chapter 15: The reproductive system - Aditi Peddigari
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32 Terms
What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in males?
produce sperm
What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in females?
produce ovarian follicles eggs
What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in males?
produces testostrone
What does luteinizing hormone (LH) do in females?
produces progesterone
What is puberty?
a period of sexual developemnt
How is puberty timed between males and females?
Hypothalamus(brain) —> releases GnRH
Pituitary gland —> releases LH & FSH
Gonads (Ovaries (females) —> estrogen & Testes(males) —> testostrone)
females 12 y/o
males 12-18 y/o
What is the urethral orifice?
the opening where urine leaves the body
What is circumcision?
a ritual ceremony where people remove the penis
What is the scrotum?
located just below penis, and houses testes
What temperature are the testes at, and why?
3 degrees lower since testes contains the scrotum, which depends on heat regulation. In a cold environment, the scrotum relaxes, lowering testes.
What is vasocongestion?
Blood fills the penis
What is spermatogenesis, and how long does sperm take to mature?
It’s the creation and the maturation of sperm, which takes 64 days
What are the actions of testosterone?
stimulates masculinuization
stimulates sperm production
stimulates anabolic biochemical reactions (ex : growth)
stimulates libido
What is the epididymis?
a 20 foot long highly coiled tube for storage of sperm
What are the vas deferens?
18-inch long muscular tube that passes up the inguinal canal into the abdominal cavity
What is a vasectomy?
surgical removal of the vas, which prevents sperm from coming out the penis
What is the prostate gland?
located just beneath urinary bladder and surrounds urethra. it adds fluid to sperm to help it survive and travel
What is prostatitis?
the prostate becomes inflamed and irritated
What is prostate cancer?
uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in prostate gland
What is the urethral canal?
a tube that conveys urine and semen to the outside
What are the Cowper's glands?
2 small glands that secrete a clear, sticky, alkaline fluid into urethral Canal during thee begginings of sexual arousal
What is the labia majora homologous to in males?
the sectum
What is the clitoris homologous to in males?
the penis
How big are the ovaries, and what is the function of the ovaries?
1 ½ inch long x ¾ inches wide x 1 inch think
What is oogenesis?
developemnt of primary follicles
What is a pap smear?
a test for cervical cancer
What is oxytocin?
a harmones secreted by pituitary gland which causes contractions
What is a hysterectomy?
surgical removal of the uterus
What is the pre-ovulatory phase?
when FSH is secreted by the pituitary gland and stimulates a primary follicle to develope into a mature follicle (occures 1-13 days after meustrational cycle)
When does ovulation begin?
day 14
What is the post-ovulatory phase?
Day 15-28, where LH continues to be secreted by pitiuitary gland until day 28. LH causes follicle cells to secrete progesterone into blood
What is menopause?
it;s when the menustral cycle becomes irregular and ceases at about 50 years of age. it occurs since overies stop responding to ganodotropic hormones