AP Psych Unit 10: Intelligence

Aptitude

Measures potential or ability.

Achievement

Measures what you have learned.

Standardization

Defining uniform testing procedures.

Reliability

Tools for replication.

Inter-rater reliability

The extent to which two or more scorers evaluate the responses in the same way.

Split-Half

The score on one half is correlated with the score on the other half.

Test-Retest

Consistent results after repeated testing.

Validity

Concerns how well a test measures what it is intended to measure.

Construct Validity

How well a set of indicators represents or reflects a concept that is not directly measurable.

Predictive Validity

Does the test predict the behavior it is designed to predict?

Savant Syndrome

A condition where someone with mental disabilities displays certain abilities far above average.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.

Fluid Intelligence

The ability to reason quickly, solve problems, and think flexibly.

Crystalized Intelligence

The accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills acquired throughout life.

Sir Francis Galton

A pioneer in the field of eugenics and heritability.

Eugenics

The practice of improving a human population by controlled breeding.

g factor (General Intelligence)

A construct that posits a single underlying intelligence that influences performance on cognitive tasks.

L.L. Thurstone

Psychologist who proposed that intelligence is composed of seven distinct factors rather than a single general aptitude.

Triarchic Theory

Robert Sternberg's theory that intelligence consists of three parts: analytical, creative, and practical.

Analytic Intelligence

Refers to the mental steps or components used to solve problems.

Creative Intelligence

The ability to use experience in ways that foster insight.

Practical Intelligence

The ability to read and adapt to the contexts of everyday life.

Multiple Intelligences

Howard Gardner's theory that proposes different types of intelligence beyond traditional IQ.

Binet-Simon Test

The first modern intelligence assessment created by Alfred Binet to identify children needing educational assistance.

IQ Formula

William Stern's formula for calculating IQ: IQ = (Mental age / Chronological age) x 100.

Stanford-Binet Test

The modern IQ test developed by Lewis Terman, based on Binet's research.

WAIS and WISC

Tests developed by David Wechsler to measure real-world intelligence through various subtests, tailored for adults (WAIS) and children (WISC).