HAL Quiz 2 - Upper Quarter

diaphragm action

draw down central tendon of diaphragm

increase volume of throacic cavity during inhalation

diaphragm origin

costal attachment: inner surface of lower 6 ribs

lumbar attachment: upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae

sternal attachment: inner part of xiphoid process

diaphragm insertion

central tendon

diaphragm innervation

phrenic C3,4,5

external intercostals action

draw the ribs superiorly (increasing space of thoracic cavity) to assist with inhalation

external intercostals origin

inferior border of rib above

external intercostals insertion

superior border of rib below

external intercostals innervation

throacic

internal intercostals action

depress ribs for exhalation

internal intercostals origin

inferior border of rib above

internal intercostals insertion

superior border of rib below

internal intercostals innervation

thoracic

serratus posterior superior action

elevate the ribs during inhalation

serratus posterior superior origin

spinous processes of C7-T3

serratus posterior superior insertion

posterior surface of 2-5 ribs

serratus posterior superior innervation

T1, 2, 3, 4

serratus posterior inferior action

depress the ribs during exhalation

serratus posterior inferior origin

spinous processes of T12-L3

levator costarum origin

transverse processes of C7-T11

levator costarum insertion

rib below vertebrae of origin between the tubercle and the angle of the rib

levator costarum action

elevation of the rib

levator costarum innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

subcostales origin

internal surface (near angle) of lower ribs

subcostales insertion

internal surface of 2nd and 3rd rib below

subcostales action

may depress ribs

subcostales innervation

related intercostal nerves

transverse throacis origin

inferior margins and internal surfaces of costal cartilages of 2nd-6th ribs

transverse throacis insertion

inferior aspect of deep surface of body of sternum, xiphoid process, and costal cartilages of ribs 4-7

transverse throacis action

depress costal cartilages

transverse throacis innervation

related intercostal nerves

semispinalis throacis origin

transverse processes of T6-T10

semispinalis throacis insertion

spinous processes of C6-T4

semispinalis throacis action

extension

ipsilateral lateral flexion

contralateral rotation

semispinalis throacis innervation

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

how many thoracic nerve roots are there?

12

sympathetic nervous system =

"fight or flight"

where is the sympathetic chain ganglion located?

anterior to head of the rib

parasympathetic nervous system =

"rest and digest"

longus capitis action

unilaterally - laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to same side

bilaterally - flex head and neck

longus capitis origin

transverse processes of C3-C6

longus capitis insertion

inferior surface of occiput

longus capitis innervation

C1, 2, 3, 4

longus colli action

flex head and neck, laterally flex to same side, rotate to same side

longus colli origin

bodies of C5-T3

transverse processes of C3-C5

longus colli insertion

tubercle on anterior arch of atlas

bodies of axis

C3-4

transverse processes of C5-6

longus colli innervation

C2-7

rectus capitis anterior origin

anterior surface of lateral atlas, TP of atlas

rectus capitis anterior insertion

inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone, immediately anterior to occipital condyle

rectus capitis anterior action

flexes head at atlanto-occipital joint

rectus capitis anterior innervation

branches from anterior rami of C1-2

rectus capitis lateralis origin

superior surface of transverse process of atlas

rectus capitis lateralis insertion

inferior surface of jugular process of occipital bone, immediately latreal to occipital condyle

rectus capitis lateralis action

flexes head laterally to same side

rectus capitis lateralis innervation

branches from anterior rami of C1-2

sternocleidomastoid (SCM) action

unilaterally - laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side

bilaterally - flex neck, assist to elevate rib cage during inhalation

SCM origin

sternal head - top of manubrium

clavicular head - medial 1/3 of clavicle

SCM insertion

mastoid process of temporal bone, and lateral superior nuchal line

SCM innervation

spinal accessory (XI) nerve

C2,3

anterior scalene action

unilaterally - with ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to same side; rotate head and neck to opposite side

bilaterally - elevate ribs during inhalation, flex head and neck

anterior scalene origin

transverse processes of 3rd-6th cervical vertebrae (anterior tubercles)

anterior scalene insertion

1st rib

anterior scalene innervation

C3-8

middle scalene action

unilaterally - with ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to same side; rotate head and neck to opposite side

bilaterally - elevate ribs during inhalation

middle scalene origin

transverse processes of 2nd-7th cervical vertebrae (posterior tubercles)

middle scalene insertion

1st rib

middle scalene innervation

C3-8

posterior scalene action

unilaterally - with ribs fixed, laterally flex head and neck to the same side; rotate head and neck to opposite sides

bilaterally - elevate ribs during inhalation

posterior scalene origin

TP of C6-7

posterior scalene insertion

2nd rib

posterior scalene innervation

C3-8

trapezius action

upper fibers bilaterally - extend head and neck

upper fibers unilaterally - laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head and neck to opposite side, elevate and upwardly rotate scapula

middle fibers - adduct and stabilize scapula

lower fibers - depress and upwardly rotate scapula

trapezius origin

external occipital protuberance

medial portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

ligmentum nuchae

spinous processes of C7-T12

trapezius insertion

lateral 1/3 of clavicle

acromion

spine of scapula

trapezius innervation

spinal portion of cranial nerve XI (accessory)

ventral ramus C2, 3, 4

levator scapula action

unilaterally - elevate and downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex head and neck, rotate head and neck to same side

bilaterally - extend head and neck

levator scapula origin

transverse processes of 1st-4th cervical vertebrae

levator scapula insertion

medial border of scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula

levator scapula innervation

C3-4

dorsal scapular

semispinalis capitis action

extend vertebral column and head

semispinalis capitis origin

transverse processes of C4-T5

semispinalis capitis insertion

between superior and inferior nuchal lines of occiput

semispinalis capitis innervation

cervical

splenius capitis action

unilaterally - rotate head and neck to same side, laterally flex head and neck

bilaterally - extend head and neck

splenius capitis origin

inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T4

splenius capitis insertion

mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line

splenius capitis innervation

cervical

splenius cervicis action

unilaterally - rotate head and neck to same side, laterally flex head and neck to same side

bilaterally - extend head and neck

splenius cervicis origin

spinous processes of T3-6

splenius cervicis insertion

transverse processes of C1-3

semispinalis cervicis origin

transverse processes of upper 5 or 6 thoracic verterbrae

semispinalis cervicis insertion

spinous processes of C2 (axis) to C5

semispinalis cervicis action

extension

ipsilateral lateral flexion

contralateral rotation

semispinalis cervicis innervation

dorsal rami of adjacent spinal nerve roots

iliocostalis action

extend, laterally flex to same side

iliocostalis origin

lumborum - common tendon

thoracis and cervicis - posterior surface of ribs 1-12

iliocostalis insertion

lumborum - transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 6-12

thoracis - posterior surface of ribs 1-6

cervicis - transverse processes of lower cervicalss

iliocostalis innervation

spinal

longissimus action

unilaterally - laterally flex vertebral column to same side

bilaterally - extend verterbal column

longissimus origin

thoracis - common tendon

cervicis and capitis - transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae

longissimus insertion

thoracis - lower 9 ribs and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae

cervicis - transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

capitis - mastoid process of temporal bone