Digestive System Basics

Vocabulary review of digestive system basics covering structures, functions, and anatomy.

Gastrointestinal tract vs. accessory organs

The gastrointestinal tract passes food through it, while accessory organs help break down food.

Alimentary canal

Another name for the gastrointestinal tract.

GI tract

A common abbreviation for the gastrointestinal tract.

Pathway of food through the GI tract

Mouth, phowny, esophagus, stomach, sman intestine, large intestine, ectum, and Anus.

Gastrointestinal tract length (Living)

$16-23$ in Irving.

Gastrointestinal tract length (Cadaver)

$23-30$ in cocaver.

Digestion (Function)

Breaking down food using enzymes or force.

Devacation

Function where unabsorbed materials are eliminated from the body.

Ingestion

The act of eating.

Absorption (Function)

Nutrients and other molecules pass into the bloodstream.

Secretion

Process where accessory organs and the GI tract create $7\,\text{liters}$ of digestive fluid each day.

Propulsion

Food is swallowed and pushed through the GI tract.

Daily digestive fluid volume

Including saliva and mucus, the system creates $7\,\text{liters}$ per day.

Mechanical digestion

Breaking down food using force.

Chemical digestion

Breaking down food using enzymes.

Peristalsis

Unvoluntary muske contraction.

Location of ingestion

Mouth only.

Organs capable of secretion

Salivary glands, Liver, and pancreas.

Organs capable of propulsion

Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, and large Intestine.

Organs capable of digestion

Stomach, large & Small intestine.

Organs capable of absorption

Stomech, Small & large intestine.

Nutrient passage after stomach absorption

Deraction.

Oral cavity

Another name for the mouth.

Buccal cavity

Another name for the mouth.

Lips and cheeks

Help us eat by keeping food between our teeth when we chew.

Permanent teeth count

$32$ in a typical adult.

Composition of teeth

Dentin and enamel.

Enamel

Substance found on the outside of the tooth.

Dentin

Substance found on the inside of the tooth.

Crown

The top part of the tooth.

Root

The part of the tooth in the gums.

Alveoli

The tooth socket.

Canines

Type of tooth best at tearing and piercing.

Molars

Type of tooth best at grinding or crushing.

Incisors

Type of tooth best at biting off pieces of food.

Hard palate (Structure)

Made of Bone.

Hard palate (Purpose)

The torque can push apping it while chewing.

Soft palate (Purpose)

Elevate when we say to block the hacophant.

Tongue tissue type

Skeletal muscle.

Tongue purpose (Chewing)

Move food between teeth while chewing.

Tongue purpose (Swallowing)

Forms bolus.

Tongue purpose (Communication)

Helps with Speech.

Bolus

Partially digested food formed when the tongue mixes saliva with food.

Papillae

Peg-like projections where taste buds are found.

Saliva function (Taste)

Required for taste.

Saliva function (Bolus)

Helps form a bolus.

Saliva function (Digestion)

Digest starchy food with enzyme.

Major salivary glands

Glands found outside the mouth that are activated by food.

Major salivary gland production

$1.5\,L$ of saliva daily.

Parotoid gland

One of the three major salivary glands.

Sublingul gland

One of the three major salivary glands.

Submandibular gland

One of the three major salivary glands.

Digestion in the mouth

Mechanical digestion because it breaks down food into smaller pieces.

Pharynx synonym

Throat.

Pharynx lining

Stratified sqaumous tissue to protect from abrasions.

Pharynx muscle layers

$3$ layers line the wall.

Pharynx muscle function

To proper food to the esoprogus.

Esophagus length

$10\,\text{inches}$.

Esophagus function

Pushes food to the stomach.

Esophagus appearance

Collapsed when you are not eating.

Top of esophagus musculature

Voluntary Skeetal muscle.

Bottom of esophagus musculature

Involuntary smooth misce.

Lower esophageal sphincter failure

Results in heanourn.

Upper esophageal sphincter failure

Results in Dysphagie.

Stomach location

Left side of the abdomen beneath the liver.

Stomach size

$6-10\,\text{inches long}$.

Rugae

Folds in the inner wall of the stomach.

Stomach storage function

Serves as storage for food.

Stomach digestion function

Responsible for digesting food.

Stomach absorption function

Capable of absorption.

Stomach propulsion function

Push chyme to SI.

Stomach muscle layers

$3$ layers: mucosa, epithelial tissue (and others).

Stomach wall purpose

Allows the Stoman to digest.

Stomach lining name

Mucose.

Stomach lining tissue

Epithelial tissue.

Stomach lining specialized structures

Gastric pits and glands.

Importance of stomach mucus

Protects the Stoman from digestion.

Gastric pits

Structures that lead to Gastric Glands.

Chief and Parietal cell location

Gastric Glands.

Chief cells function

Produce pepsinogen.

Parietal cells function

Secrete HCL.

Stomach acid functions

Makes stomach acidic, among others.

pH of stomach acid

$1.5-3.5$.

Pancreas enzymes

Accessory organ producing fluid with proteases, amylases, lipases, and nucleases.

Largest internal organ

Liver.

Liver weight

$3\,\text{to}\,5\,\text{lbs}$.

Liver location

Beneath the diaphram.

Human liver lobes

$4$ lobes.

Main liver function

Produce Bile.

Liver circulatory function

Process blood to small intestine.

Bile destination

Gallbladder.

Bile appearance

Yellow green.

Bile function

Break down fats into smaller pieces.

Bile Duct

Transports bile from the liver to the gallbladder and duodenum.

Dual-system organ

The Pancreas plays an important role in both the digestive and endocrine systems.

Pancreatic juice

The fluid produced by the pancreas.

Daily pancreatic juice production

$1.5\,L$.

Pancreatic fluid pH

Basic.

Pancreatic fluid destination

Duodenum.

Duodenum protection

Pancreatic fluid neutralizes the chyme.