Seven Years War
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63 Terms
The Seven Years War was fought in…
Europe
The Seven Years War was fought during…
1756 - 1763
The Seven Years War was fought between…
France & England
What were the English concerned about?
The French forts being built in the Ohio River Valley.
Causes of the Seven Years War was…
The increasing population of the English colonies, and the English colonies were pushing west of North America.
What did young Major George Washington lead?
He led a small force into Ohio in 1754.
What was George Washington’s goal when he led a small force into Ohio?
He hoped to capture the French Fort Duquesne.
Did Young George Washington succeed in capturing French Fort Duquesne?
No, his small force was defeated and was forced to retreat and build Fort Necessity.
Who defeated George Washington’s small force?
The French & Indigenous Peoples defeated his small force and forced him to return to Virginia.
Who did the British send to drive the French out of the Ohio Valley?
General Edward Braddock
When did the British send General Edward Braddock to push the French out of the Ohio Valley?
1755
Did General Edward Braddock succeed in taking the French out of the Ohio Valley?
No, he is defeated and killed after a French & Indigenous ambush.
When was the Seven Years War officially declared?
1756
Who were England’s Indigenous allies?
Iroquois
Who were the French’s Indigenous allies?
Algonquins, Hurons, Ottowas
What was the population of the British colonies?
1000000
What was the population of the French colonies?
70000
What activities did the English colonies engage in?
Towns, trade, farms
What activities did the French colonies engage in?
Fur traders, missionary priests
Where did the French capture British forts?
Lake Ontario, and Lake George
The French’s Indigenous allies…
raided farms from the New York-Virginia frontiers.
What happened to the British settlers in the early battles?
Their homes and farms were burned, which caused many families to flee to the east coast.
Who dominated the first 3 years of the war?
The French and their allies
The French win victories at …
Fort Oswego & Fort William Henry
Where does the French’s winning streak take a turn?
Fort Ticonderoga
Who helps the British turn the tide in 1758?
British Foreign Minister William Pitt
What does British Foreign Minister William Pitt do to help the British?
He makes peace with important Indigenous allies & adopt their fighting strategies.
Who leads a surprise attack on Quebec?
British General James Wolfe
When did British General James Wolfe lead his attack on Quebec?
September 1759
What happens at Fort Niagara?
The British win and cut off the French frontier forts.
British General James Wolfe leads England to…
eventual victory in the war.
The ____ Treaty of Paris
1763
In the 1763 Treaty of Paris, France lost ________ ________, and claims to land…
Canadian colonies, east of the Mississippi River.
With the Treaty of Paris, England got…
all French territory in Canada, Florida, and rights to the Caribbean slave trade.
Who got the French territory west of the Mississippi River & New Orleans?
Spain
Who formed an Indigenous alliance?
Chief Pontiac
What did the Indigenous alliance do?
They striked back at the British.
Pontiac’s War ends in…
1765
England issues the…
Proclamation of 1763.
The Proclamation of 1763 is used to…
prevent further westward expansion & issues new taxes on colonies to pay for the war.
What is the relationship between the English colonies and Great Britain after the war?
There is tension between the two, which eventually leads to the American Revolution.
The Seven Years War was also known as…
The French & Indian War
British Secretary of State who sent the nation’s best generals to America and borrowed money to pay colonial troops for fighting.
William Pitt the Elder
The Treaty of Paris (1763) was a document…
that formally ended the war, giving up lots of French territory in North America.
This Indigenous group supported the French, but switched sides in 1758.
Shawnee
This tribe helped the British and made their home in upstate New York.
Iroquois
The Seven Years War was the first…
”global” war.
Which places were involved in the Seven Years War
Europe, North America, the Caribbean, West Africa, India
Why were the Indigenous groups more likely to support the French?
The French travelled in smaller numbers because they were mainly fur trappers or traders.
Many French missionary priests took time to learn the Indigenous languages so they would learn about Catholicism and potentially convert.
Where was George Washington from?
Virginia
Before the Europeans…
most Indigenous Peoples lived in tribal groups.
The Indigenous peoples didn’t...
“own” land, they used what they needed from the earth.
One of the biggest challenges during the war was…
disease.
How many British men died from disease compared to war?
5000 men died of disease, while 1000 men died of war.
When did Spain join the Naval battles in the Caribbean?
1761
What was the cause of war in the Caribbean?
Opposing sugar colonies.
The _____ ____ of Calcutta
Black Hole
June 1756, British Governor of Calcutta…
Roger Drake insulted the emissaries sent by the Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula.
Nawab Siraj-ud-Daula captured the British garrison of 500 with…
his own army of 30000.
British Governor of Calcutta, Roger Drake fled with…
the women & children.
British survivors were put into…
windowless rooms known as the Black Hole.
_____ suffocated overnight.
40/63
What did the British do about the Black Hole of Calcutta?
They exaggerated the torments in hopes of more military recruitment and reinforcement.