Development for Quiz on 11/15 | PSYC 102

Nature

genetics

Nurture

environment/learning

Piaget's Stage Theory

- must pass each stage in order

- Cannot go back to previous stage

Sensorimotor Stage

- Birth to 2 years

- Believed only sensory and motor functions were present; underestimated the abilities of babies

- Develop understanding of object permanence

- Do not understand symbols, like scale models

Preoperational stage

- 2-7 years

- Use symbols to represent things that aren't present

- Egocentric; can't view the world from another person's perspective

- Difficulty distinguishing fantasy from reality; santa, easter bunny, fairies, unicorns

- Don't understand conservation; Juice in glass test from videos

Concrete operational Stage

- 7-11 years

- No longer egocentric

- Can distinguish reality from fantasy

- Understand conservation

- Can use simple logic, do math, etc

- Can't use abstract thought

Formal Operational stage

- > 11 years

- able to think about abstract concepts

- Piaget underestimated how many people reach formal operational

Erikson's Psychosocial Development

- 8 stages

- You resolve the conflict, and move onto the next stage

- No specific ages

- Can revisit previous conflicts

Trust vs. Mistrust

- Infancy

- "Will my needs be met?"

- Fits with attachment theory (Bowlby's theory)

◦ Secure attachment

◦ Anxious-ambivalent attachment

◦ Avoidant attachment

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

- "Can I control my behavior?"

- Establish some independence: "I do it"

- Caregiver becomes homebase as they explore environment

Initiative Vs. Guilt

- "Can I influence my environment?"

- Curiosity: "Why?"

Industry Vs. Inferiority

- Elementary school

- "Can I do things well?"

- "Can I keep up w/my peers?"

Identity Vs. Role Confusion

- Teens

- "Who am I? Where am I going?"

- Want an integrated sense of self

Intimacy Vs. Isolation

Early adulthood

- "Do I have close relationships?"

ex. partners, friends, family