Chemistry

Chemistry

The branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter.

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space; can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas.

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be broken down further.

Compounds

Substances formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

Atomic Structure

The arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom, the fundamental building blocks of matter.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom that defines the element's identity.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

The Periodic Table

An organized arrangement of elements based on atomic number and properties, indicating trends in chemical behavior.

Groups

Columns in the periodic table that represent elements with similar chemical behaviors.

Periods

Rows in the periodic table that represent increasing atomic numbers and the filling of electron shells.

Chemical Reactions

Processes that transform one set of chemical substances to another, essential in creating new materials.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions, based on the conservation of mass.

Acids

Substances that donate protons (H+ ions).

Bases

Substances that accept protons.

pH Scale

Measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic).

Neutralization Reactions

Reactions that balance acids and bases important for biological processes.

Thermochemistry

The study of heat changes during chemical reactions.

Enthalpy

The heat content of a system.

Calorimetry

A technique used to measure heat changes during chemical reactions.

The branch of science that studies the composition, structure, properties, and changes of _ is Chemistry.

Matter.

Pure substances that cannot be broken down further are known as _.

Elements.

Substances formed from two or more different elements chemically bonded together are called _.

Compounds.

The _ Table is an organized arrangement of elements based on atomic number and properties.

Periodic.

_ are processes that transform one set of chemical substances to another, essential in creating new materials.

Chemical Reactions.