development

How do you measure development?

• life expectancy

• infant mortality rate

• literacy rate

• human development index

• gross national income (GNI)

Life expectancy

The average number of years a person can be expected to live

Infant mortality rate

The number of deaths of children under the age of one per 1000 live births

Human development index

Incorporates income, life expectancy and education to make a score between 0 and 1. The closer to one a country is, the more developed it is

Gross National income (GNI)

The typical level of economic development a society has reached

Inequality

The unjust distribution of resources and opportunities

Causes of inequality in Nepal

• location

• Natural disasters

• History

Causes of inequality (IN GENERAL)

• historical

• Geographical

• Political

Gender inequality

Decision making that favours men over women

Economic inequality

The differences between different groups in terms of their income and wealth

Political inequality

Laws that favour some groups over others

Inequality of opportunity

Some groups have more opportunities as a result of their background

Inequality of access

Unequal access to services, such as healthcare and education

Slum

An area where places are unfit for people to live in because of disrepair, overcrowding, or unhygienic ventilation, sanitation, or water facilities

Urbanisation

As countries develop, more people end to live in cities and urban areas

Migration

Movement from one place to another

Why do people migrate?

• more jobs

• More services

• Better education

Natural increase

Babies being born

Why does natural increase cause urbanisation?

• better healthcare

• Better education

• Send children to work

Examples of slums

• Makoko floating school - Lagos, Nigeria

• La Comuna 13 - Medellin, Columbia