development

how to measure development:

1 - life expentancy: the average number of years a person can be expected to live

2 - infant mortality rate: the numbers of actions of children under the age of one per 1000 live births

3 - literacy rate: the percentage of people with basic and reading and writing skills

4 - human development index: incorporates income, life expectancy and education to make a score between 0 and 1. The closer to one a country is, the more developed it is.

5 - gross national income: normally measured as GNI - the typical level of economic development a society has reached. (Given in US Dollars $)

inequality: the unjust distribution of respurces and opportunities.

causes of inequality in Nepal:

• location

• natural disasters

• tectonic landscapes

• history

• gender inequality

inequalities exist because of a variety of factors:

• historical

• geographical

• political

gender inequality: decision making that favours men over women

economic inequality: the differences between different groups in terms of their income and wealth

political inequality: laws that favour some groups over others

inequality of opportunity: some groups have more opportunities as a result of their background

inequality of access: unequal access to services, such as healthcare and education.

slum: an area where places to live are unfit for people to live in because of disrepair, overcrowding, or unhygenic ventilation, sanitation or water facilities.

urbanisation: as countries develop, more people tend to live in cities and urban areas.

migration: movement from one place to another

why do people migrate?

• more jobs

• more services

• better education

natural increase: babies being born

why does natural increase cause urbanisation?

• better healthcare

• better education

• send children to work

examples of slums:

• makoko floating school - lagos, nigeria

• la comuna 13 - medellin, columbia