micro another method

What are the 4 main bacterial causes of meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes

What is the 1 main viral cause of meningitis?

Poliovirus

What is the 1 main fungal cause of meningitis?

Cryptococcus neoformans

What are the 2 bacterial causes of neonatal meningitis?

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), Listeria monocytogenes

What is the 1 bacterial cause of neonatal sepsis?

Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

What are the 2 bacterial causes of impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What are the 2 bacterial causes of folliculitis?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What are the 2 bacterial causes of cellulitis?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What are the 2 bacterial causes of necrotizing fasciitis?

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What is the 1 microbe that causes scalded skin syndrome (SSS)?

Staphylococcus aureus (exfoliative toxin)

What are the 2 microbes that cause toxic shock syndrome (TSS)?

Staphylococcus aureus (TSST-1), Streptococcus pyogenes (SPE A)

What is the 1 microbe that causes acne?

Propionibacterium acne

What is the 1 microbe that causes hot tub rash (dermatitis)?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What is the 1 microbe that causes cutaneous anthrax?

Bacillus anthracis

What is the 1 microbe that causes gas gangrene?

Clostridium perfringens

What is the 1 microbe that causes burn wound infections?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

What type of microbes cause surgical site infections?

patient's normal flora (commonly Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis)

What is the 1 microbe that causes measles (rubeola)?

Measles virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes rubella (German measles)?

Rubella virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes roseola?

HHV-6

What is the 1 microbe that causes chickenpox?

Varicella-Zoster virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes shingles?

Varicella-Zoster virus (reactivation)

What is the 1 microbe that causes fifth disease?

Parvovirus B19

What is the 1 microbe that causes cold sores?

HSV-1

What are the 2 microbes that cause cutaneous herpes?

HSV-1, HSV-2

What is the 1 microbe that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Coxsackievirus 16

What is the 1 microbe that causes warts?

HPV

What is the 1 microbe that causes ringworm (tinea)?

dermatophytes

What is the 1 microbe that causes candidiasis (yeast infection)?

Candida albicans

What is the 1 microbe that causes leishmaniasis?

Leishmania sp.

What is the 1 microbe that causes hookworm infection?

Ancylostoma duodenale

What is the 1 microbe that causes scabies?

mites

What is the 1 microbe that causes lice (pediculosis)?

Pediculus humanus capitis

What is the 1 microbe that causes viral conjunctivitis (pink eye)?

adenoviruses (usually)

What are the 4 bacterial causes of bacterial conjunctivitis?

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis

What are the 2 bacterial causes of ophthalmia neonatorum?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis

What is the 1 microbe that causes trachoma?

Chlamydia trachomatis

What is the 1 microbe that causes keratitis?

HSV-1

What is the 1 microbe that causes ocular histoplasmosis?

Histoplasma capsulatum

What are the 2 microbes that cause otitis externa (swimmer's ear)?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus sp.

What are the 2 bacterial causes of otitis media?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae

What type of microbe usually causes otitis interna (labyrinthitis)?

virus

What are the 6 bacteria that can cause sepsis and/or endocarditis?

Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS), Viridans streptococci, Enterococcus sp.

What are the 3 bacteria that cause sepsis only (from the endogenous list)?

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)

What is the 1 bacterium that causes endocarditis only (from the endogenous list)?

Viridans streptococci

What are the 2 bacteria that cause both sepsis AND endocarditis?

Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp.

What are the 5 zoonotic bacterial diseases of the cardiovascular/lymphatic systems?

plague, brucellosis, tularemia, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

What is the 1 microbe that causes plague?

Yersinia pestis

What is the 1 microbe that causes brucellosis?

Brucella sp.

What is the 1 microbe that causes tularemia?

Francisella tularensis

What is the 1 microbe that causes Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi

What is the 1 microbe that causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Rickettsia rickettsii

What are the 3 main viral diseases of the cardiovascular/lymphatic system?

infectious mononucleosis (mono), hemorrhagic fever, acute retroviral syndrome and AIDS

What is the 1 microbe that causes infectious mononucleosis?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

What are the 3 microbes that cause hemorrhagic fever?

Ebola virus, Yellow fever virus, Dengue virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes acute retroviral syndrome and AIDS?

HIV

What are the 4 fungal infections in the AIDS-related complex (ARC)?

Cryptococcus, Candidiasis, Pneumocystis, Histoplasmosis

What are the 3 main parasitic diseases of the cardiovascular/lymphatic systems?

toxoplasmosis, malaria, trypanosomiasis

What is the 1 microbe that causes toxoplasmosis?

Toxoplasma gondii

What is the 1 microbe that causes malaria?

Plasmodium sp.

What is the 1 microbe that causes trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)?

Trypanosoma cruzii

What is the 1 microbe that causes Burkitt lymphoma?

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

What are the 3 microbes that cause Guillain-Barré syndrome?

Zika virus, EBV, Influenza virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes tetanus?

Clostridium tetani

What is the 1 microbe that causes botulism?

Clostridium botulinum

What is the 1 microbe that causes Hansen's disease (leprosy)?

Mycobacterium leprae

What is the 1 microbe that causes polio?

Poliovirus

What is the 1 microbe that causes rabies?

Rabies virus

What is the 4 microbes that can cause viral encephalitis?

West Nile, HSV-1, HSV-2, Varicella-Zoster virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes congenital Zika syndrome (microcephaly)?

Zika virus

What is the 1 microbe that causes neurocysticercosis?

Taenia solium (tapeworm)

What is the 1 microbe that causes amebic meningoencephalitis?

Naegleria fowleri

What is the 1 microbe that causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?

prion

What are the 4 viral causes of the common cold?

Rhinovirus, Coronavirus, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus

What are the 4 microbial causes of sinusitis?

common cold viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus

What are the 3 microbial causes of pharyngitis?

common colds viruses, Influenza virus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What is the 1 microbe that causes strep throat?

Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)

What are the 4 microbial causes of tonsillitis?

common cold viruses, Influenza virus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Streptococcus pneumoniae

What is the 1 microbe that causes epiglottitis?

Haemophilus influenzae

What are the 5 microbial causes of laryngitis?

common cold viruses, Influenza virus, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), Streptococcus pneumoniae, Candida sp.

What is the 1 microbe that causes diphtheria?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae (with diphtheria toxin)

What are the 2 sequelae caused by Streptococcus pyogenes after pharyngitis?

rheumatic fever (from M protein), Lemierre's syndrome

What is the 1 microbe that causes scarlet fever (and what toxins)?

Streptococcus pyogenes (SPE A, SLO)

What is the 1 microbe that causes rheumatic fever (and what factor)?

Streptococcus pyogenes (M protein)

What are the 5 normal flora of the skin?

Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Propionibacterium acne, Candida sp., Staphylococcus aureus

What are the 4 normal flora of the upper respiratory tract?

Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus sp., Neisseria meningitidis

What is the 1 normal flora of the gut (from notes)?

Enterococcus sp.

What is the 1 normal flora of the oral cavity (from notes)?

Viridans streptococci

What are the 5 exanthems?

measles (rubeola), rubella (German measles), roseola, chickenpox (varicella), fifth disease