Cell Growth and Reproduction Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basics of cell growth limits, surface area to volume ratios, and the differences between sexual and asexual reproduction.

Information overload

The issue that arises when a cell grows too large and there are too many demands placed on the DNA.

Traffic

The insufficient exchange of materials that occurs when a cell grows, making it difficult to receive nutrients or dispose of wastes.

Surface area (cell)

Represented by the cell membrane, this determines how much material can enter or leave the cell.

Volume (cell)

Represented by the activities and contents inside the cell, this determines the rate at which nutrients are used and waste is produced.

Surface-area to volume ratio (SA:V ratio)

A calculation used to explain why cells are small; a larger ratio makes it easier for materials to diffuse, while a ratio that is too small leads to a decreased rate of chemical exchange and cell death.

Asexual reproduction

A process where a single parent produces genetically identical offspring.

Sexual reproduction

A process involving the fusion of two separate parent cells, producing genetically unique offspring.

Genetically identical

The genetic characteristic of offspring produced through asexual reproduction, which allows them to thrive in stable environments.

Genetically unique

The genetic characteristic of offspring produced through sexual reproduction, which provides diversity and is beneficial in changing environments.

Chemical exchange

The process of moving nutrients and waste across the cell membrane, which becomes less efficient as the surface-area to volume ratio decreases.