History of the Pakistan Movement: Allahabad Address and Round Table Conferences

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the key people, events, and political theories from the 1930-1932 period of the Pakistan Movement.

Allahabad Address (1930)

A presidential speech by Allama Iqbal to the Muslim League, considered the 'foundation stone' of Pakistan.

Allama Iqbal

The first leader to provide a clear scientific and political reason for why Muslims needed their own land.

Iqbal's Territorial Vision

The suggestion that the Punjab, NWFP, Sindh, and Balochistan should be merged into a single state.

Two-Nation Theory

The explanation that Muslims have different laws, culture, and history from Hindus, making it impossible to live under a 'Hindu-majority' democratic system.

Islam (per Allama Iqbal)

Defined not just as a religion like Christianity in the West, but as a complete social order.

1st Conference (1930)

A meeting where Muslim leaders agreed India should be a Federation, though Congress was absent due to being in jail for the Salt March.

Federation

A system of government where provinces have power, as agreed upon by leaders during the 1st Conference.

2nd Conference (1931)

A meeting attended by Gandhi that failed because he claimed Congress represented all Indians and refused Separate Electorates to minorities.

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

The agreement after which Gandhi attended the 2nd Round Table Conference.

Separate Electorates

A system of representation that Gandhi refused to grant to Muslims and other minorities during the 2nd Conference.

3rd Conference (1932)

An event described as very poorly attended, where neither Gandhi nor Jinnah was present.