Nutrition chapter 15

Zygote

A fertilized ovum is known as a ____

Placenta

What organ provides the infant with nourishment

Embryo

A developing infant from 2 to 8 weeks is known as an ____

6.5-8

A healthy full term infant weight approximately how many pounds

Critical period

During what time period can irreversible damage to the fetus occur from specific events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins

Fetus

_____ is the term used for a developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth

Fetal programming

The influence of how a mother’s nutrient intake may change gene expression to increase the infant’s development of obesity or chronic disease later in life is referred to as _____

Nervous system

What organ system is most vulnerable to adverse influences during its critical period

Mother being underweight

What is NOT a risk factor for neural tube defects

Full term

An infant born at 39 weeks would be described as _____

Folate

______ supplementation is associated with a lower incidence of neural tube defects

Umbilical cord

A belly button is the scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the former attachment of the ______

Nutrition

________ is a primary determinant of beta cell growth in infants

Increased risk for insulin resistance later in life

What is true about low birth weight infants

Baby born weighing 9lb 6oz

What is an example of macrosomia

Gestational diabetes

Compared to other women, obese women are more likely to not have _______

25-35

Sue has a BMI of 23.4 at conception. What is her recommended range of weight gain

15-25

Sonya is overweight when she becomes pregnant. What is her recommended range of weight gain

10.5

Based on weight gain patterns, a women who as at a healthy BMI when she became pregnant should have gained approximately ______ pounds by the 20th week

37-54

What is the recommended range of weight gain for a mother at healthy BMI at conception who is pregnant with twins

Kcalorie intake increase

Why is fiber recommendation for lactating women higher

Infant at birth and mothers fat stores

______ are the two components that make up approximately 15lb of the recommended weight gain during pregnancy

Iron

The increased needs for which nutrient during pregnancy cannot be met by diet or existing stores so supplements are recommended

340

A pregnant woman needs to increase her intake by approximately how many kcalories to account for increased energy need in the second trimester of pregnancy

Folate and B12

_______ are two nutrients required in higher amounts during pregnancy due to their roles in synthesis of red blood cells

Calcium

What nutrient does the body show a dramatic increase in absorption during pregnancy

Glucose

Pica is often associated with a deficiency of ____

3.5lb or less

What is the standard classification for a very low birthweight infant

Glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during preganancy

What is gestational diabetes

Preeclampsia

______ is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine of pregnant women

Gestational hyptertension

What pregnancy condition can also be an early indicator of preeclampsia

5.5lb or less

A low birthweight infant is defined as a baby that weighs ______ at birth

1800 kcal

A nursing mother needs at least how many kilocalories a day to receive all the nutrients required for successful lactation

Milk quality stays the same, quantity decreases

What happens to a mother’s milk if she lacks certain nutrients in her diet

HIV

In the US and other developed countries, breastfeeding is not recommended when the mother has _____

25oz

A lactating mother produces approximately ____ of milk each day

Prolactin

Hormone responsible for milk production

Oxytocin

Hormone responsible for the let down reflex