basic computer principles + network communication

this is a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data

computer

what are examples of input devices

keyboards

mice

microphones

barcode readers

touch screens

image scanners

what are examples of output devices

monitors

printers

speakers

what is the binary code

the computer takes data from the user and processes it using a machine language of ones and zeros

what is the binary code made up of

made up of a series of transistors (switches that are turned on/off

this is a single unit of data

bit

this is made up of 8 bits and it is the amount of memory needed to store one alphanumeric character

byte

how many bits are in 1 byte

8 bit

this is the largest circulatory board inside the computer that contains many important small components to make the computer function properly

motherboard

what are the motherboard components

central processing unit (CPU)

basic input/output system (BIOS)

the bus

memory

ports

cmos

this is the brain of the computer that reads data from storage, manipulates the data, and moves the data back to storage or send to external devices

central processing unit (CPU)

this contains a simple set of instructions for the computer and it aids in the boot-up process of the computer to help bring the computer to life

it runs the start-up diagnostics on the system to make sure all peripherals are functioning properly

basic input/output system (BIOS)

this is a series of connections, controllers, and chips that create the information highway of the computer

provides connections for the information to flow within the computer

the bus

this is used to store information currently being processed with the CPU

AKA random access memory (RAM)

memory

this is a collection of connectors sticking out of the back of the PC that link adaptor cards, drives, printers, scanners, keyboards, mice, and other peripherals that may be used

ports

this is a special type of memory chip that uses a small rechargeable or lithium battery to retain information about the PCs hardware while the computer is turned off

CMOS

this is the central processing unit (AKA microprocessor)

the brain of the computer

what does RAM stand for

random access memory

what is RAM

the short term storage for open programs

what are the types of ports

parallel

serial

USB

integrated drive electronics (IDE)

SCSI

what is an example of the parallel port

printer port (before USB)

what is an example of the serial port

mouse port

what is an example of a USB port

can connect up to 127 devices

what is an example of the integrated drive electronics (IDE) ports

found on the motherboard

what is an example of the SCSI port

can manage up to 7 devices

• hard drives

• CD-ROM drives

• scanners

• printers

which port is most commonly used today

USB

how many devices can a USB connect

up to 127 devices

which port is the fastest and more versatile

SCSI

which port is found on the motherboard

integrated drive electronics (IDE)

what is the special memory chip where the system clock is located

CMOS

what is the hard drive

the main repository for programs and documents on the PC

what is the slowest part of the PC and why

the hard drive because they are mechanical and electrical

what does CD stand for

compact disks

what is a CD

a thin injection molded polycarbonate plastic disk that can hold up to 74 minutes of data (780 mb)

what does DVD stand for

digital versitile disk

what is a DVD

has multiple layers of polycarbonate plastic and aluminum is used behind the inner layers and gold is used behind the outer layers.

holds up to 7x more than a CD- 9.4 (single sided) to 17 GB (double sided)

how much more times data can the DVD hold than a CD

7 times more

what are the three types of CD/DVD drives

ROM (read only memory)

R (write once- read many)

RW (read and write many times)

which 2 CD/DVD drives are used in radiology

R (write once-read many)

RW (read and write many times)

what are peripherals

external devices that connect to a computer to provide additional functionality

things like keyboard, mouse, scanners, speakers, and microphones

what are the three types of mice that are commonly used today

mechanical

optical

optomechanical

what type of peripheral do radiologists use for dictation

microphones

what are LCD monitors

produces images by shining or reflecting light through a layer of liquid crystals and a series of color filters

what is a dot triad

a grouping of one red dot, one green dot, and one blue dot

how do pixels affect resolution

the more pixels in an image the higher the resolution

what are the three common screen resolutions that are used in digital radiography and mammography

2048 × 2560 (5 mp)

2048 × 3280 (6 mp)

2560 × 4096 (10 mp)

what is a dot pitch commonly called

pixel pitch

what is a dot pitch

the measurement of how close the dots are located to one another within a pixel

what are the three display terms

response rate

aspect ratio

viewable area

what is the response rate

refers to the amount of time that it takes the crystal to go from an off state to on and vice versa

what is the aspect ratio

the ratio of the width of the monitor to the height of the monitor

what is the viewable area

measured diagonally from one corner of the display to the opposite corner

what are the 2 major phases of liquid crystal

nematic phase

smectic phase

which state is the nematic phase closely related to

more closely related to liquid

which state is the smectic phase closely related to

more closely related to sold

what does the polarized glass of the LCD monitor do and what does it eliminate

contains a filter running the length of the glass and eliminates glare

what are the 4 types of operating systems (OS)

real time OS

single-user, single task

single-user multitask

multiuser

what is the realtime OS

used to control specific machinery scientific instruments and industrial systems such as digital x-ray consoles founf on x-ray equipment

what is the single user, single task operating system

designed so that a computer can effectively do one task for one person at a time

what is the single-user, multitask operating system

designed for one user to perform multiple functions at the same time

what is the multiuser operating system

designed to handle multiple users and multiple tasks at a time

which type of operating system is found on x-ray equipment

real-time operating system

what is a computer network

two or more objects sharing resources and information or computers, terminals, and servers that are interconnected by communication channels sharing data and program resources

what are the 2 geographical classifications

local area network (LAN)

wide area network (WAN)

what is the local area network (LAN)

small area networked with a series of cables or wireless access points that allow computers to share information and devices on the same network

what is the wide area network (WAN)

a network that spans a large area like a city, state, nation, continent, or the world

which geographical classification is faster

the local area network (LAN)

what are the 3 classifications of networks

peer-to-peer

server based

client-based

what is the peer-to-peer classification of networks

each computer on the network is considered equal, no computer has ultimate control over another

what is the server-based classification of networks

there is a centralized computer (the server) that controls the operations, files, and sometimes the programs of the computers (the clients) attached to the network

what is the client-based classification of networks

similar to a server-based network in that there is a centralized computer that controls the operations of the network

what are the three types of computer in a network

server

thin client

thick client

what is the server

a computer that manages resources for other computers, servers, and networked devices. it may also house applications, provide storage for files, or manage various other networked tasks

what is the thin client

a device that is found on a network that requests services and resources from a server

what is a thick client

a computer that is found on a network that requests services and resources from a server

what type of topology is the Internet

mesh topology

what is DICOM

a global information technology standard that allows network communication between modality and a workstation or server ensuring interoperability across imaging devices in healthcare

the format the image must be in to be viewed, sent, or processed

what are the two capabilities for DICOM

SCU and SCP

what is SCU

sends/requests

what is SCP

receives/provides

what is an UID

unique identifiers

what is RIS

holds all radiology specific patient data from the patient scheduling information to the radiologists dictated and transcribed report

what is the HIS

holds the patients full medical information from hospital billing to inpatient ordering system

what is the EMR

either a part of the HIS or runs along with it and contains all of the patients record, including lab results, and nurses and doctors notes