Acid Base Balance Lecture Review

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to acid base balance, relevant definitions, and clinical implications based on the lecture notes.

Acid Base Balance

A condition in which the pH of body fluids remains within a normal range, typically 7.35-7.45.

Acidity Determinant

The ion that determines the acidity of body fluids is the hydrogen ion (H+).

Normal pH Range

The normal range of pH in body fluids is slightly basic, ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

Volatile Acid

An acid that can be converted to a gas and expelled from the body; e.g., carbonic acid.

Nonvolatile Acid

An acid that cannot be converted to gas; e.g., lactic acid.

Bicarbonate

A buffer system in the body, with a normal range of 24-28 mEq/L, that helps maintain normal pH.

Acidosis

A condition where blood pH is less than 7.35.

Alkalosis

A condition where blood pH is greater than 7.45.

Respiratory System Normal Range

Normal PACO2 levels in the respiratory system are between 35-45 mm Hg.

Common Causes of Acidosis

Respiratory disease, renal disease, or diabetes (ketoacidosis) can commonly cause acidosis.

ABG Normal Ranges

Fundamental arterial blood gas ranges: pH 7.35-7.45, PaO2 75-100 mm Hg, PaCO2 35-45 mm Hg, HCO3 24-28 mEq/L, SaO2 >95%.

Nursing Diagnosis in Acid Base Imbalance

Includes ineffective gas exchange and risk for electrolyte imbalance.

Medical Management of Acid Base Disorders

Involves addressing the underlying causes, IV fluids, and monitoring arterial blood gases.

Assessment Indicators of Acid Base Imbalance

Skin color, temperature, level of consciousness, lung assessment, urine output, and laboratory results.

Risk Factors for Acid Base Imbalance

Include age, environmental factors, gastrointestinal output, chronic diseases, trauma, and certain therapies.