Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology Practice Review

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering psychiatric drugs, clinical definitions, schizophrenia symptoms, personality disorders, and defensive mechanisms based on lecture transcripts.

Disulfiram

A drug used in aversion therapy for the treatment of alcoholism.

Anticholinergics

A class of medication identified as a common cause of delirium.

Ketamine

An anesthetic that may cause a distorted perception of sight and sound and produce feelings of detachment from the environment and/or self.

Risperidone

An antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia.

Myosis

An effect of morphine to which no tolerance occurs.

Nortriptyline

The only tricyclic antidepressant for which a therapeutic window effect has been convincingly shown, relating plasma levels to therapeutic efficacy.

Bupropion

The only antidepressant registered for nicotine/smoking addiction.

Splitting

A defense mechanism characteristic of Borderline personality disorder involving the division of mental processes.

Formication

The sensation of insects crawling over the body, which may occur in cocaine psychosis or delirium.

Pseudo-hallucinations

False perceptions that may occur in histrionic disorder, borderline syndrome, hypnogogic states, or phobic anxiety.

Hallucination

The false perception of a sensory stimulus in the absence of an external stimulus.

Illusion

A false perception of a sensory stimulus in the presence of a real stimulus/misinterpretation.

Circumstantiality

A disorder of thinking where the speaker provides much irrelevant material and has difficulty getting to the point.

Tangentiality

A disorder of thought where extraneous sounds or motion may temporarily send the speaker's words off in a new direction.

Concrete thinking

A defect of abstract conceptual thought, often seen as an inability to understand the abstract meaning of proverbs.

Echoperaxia

The imitation of an examiner's movements by a patient, even when asked not to do so.

Echolalia

A speech impairment characterized by the repetition of the examiner's words, occurring in catatonic syndrome.

Dissociation

The splitting off of specific mental processes from conscious awareness.

Confabulation

The process of filling memory gaps with fictitious content.

Atopognosia

A disturbance of the body scheme involving the inability to recognize the origin of a sensation.

Akoasms

Auditory hallucinations.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

These include affective blunting/flattening, lack of motivation (avolition), anhedonia, alogia (poverty of thought content), and social withdrawal.

Cyclothymic disorder

A disorder requiring repeated episodes of hypomania and depression for a minimum duration of 6 months.

Fugue

A state of disturbed consciousness involving taking on a new identity with amnesia for the old identity and wandering away from home.

Hypertenacity of attention

An increased focus of attention that occurs in depression and dysthymia.

Retrograde amnesia

The loss of memory for a brief period before a brain contusion or commotion.

Logorrhea

An enhanced impulse of speech associated with an accelerated thought process.

Obsessions

Intrusive thoughts or impulses.

Agoraphobia

The fear of open spaces.

Triad of Manik signs

The three components are elated mood, flight of ideas, and increased psychomotor activity.

Anaclitic depression

A form of depression classically occurring in infants between $7$ and $30$ months.

Moderate mental retardation range (I.C.D. 10)

An IQ range between $35$ to $49$.

Dhat syndrome

A culture-bound syndrome in southwest Asia characterized by anxiety and depression attributed to the passage of a whitish discharge in the urine.

Animus

In Jungian thought, the masculine contrasexual elements in women.

Alloplastic symptoms

Symptoms of personality disorders that affect the people around the individual.

Testamentary capacity

A patient's legal ability to make out a valid will.

Autism

A disorder usually beginning before $36$ months of life, characterized by qualitative impairment of social interactions and stereotyped behavior.

Risk of Schizophrenia in Monozygotic Twins

The risk is approximately $46\%$ to $50\%$ if one twin is affected.