procedures 2 l-spine, sacrum, coccyx exams not covered in lab

degree of body obliquity needed for oblique l-spine

45 degrees

CR should be centered at ______________ for oblique l-spine

L3, at the level of the lower costal margin

LAO and RAO oblique l-spine visualizes

the zygapophyseal joints furthest from the IR (upside)

LPO and RPO oblique l-spine visualizes

the zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR (downside)

On an oblique l-spine, if the pedicle is closer to the midline this indicates

over rotation

On an oblique l-spine, if the pedicle is laterally on vertebral body border this indicates

under-rotation (more "scottie dog" body will also be demonstrate)

CR angle required for an AP Axial L5-S1 l-spine

30 degrees cephalad- male, 35 degrees cephalad- female

CR should be centered at __________on an AP axial L5-S1 l-spine

the level of the ASIS, at the midline of the body

Axial L5-S1 l-spine can also be performed ________ (body position) with a _________ angle

prone, caudal

Scoliosis series should be taken in which projection and for what reason

PA, to reduced radiation dose to breasts and thyroid glands

Ferguson method is which projection

PA

Ferguson method is for which procedure

Scoliosis series

All scoliosis series require IR to be placed

1-2 inches below level of iliac crests

Ferguson method is different from regular scoliosis series because

a block is placed under foot on convex side of curve

A spinal fusion series is which projection

lateral

Which two images are obtained for spinal fusion series

lateral hyperextension and lateral hyperflexion

For spinal fusion series, CR should be directed

to spot of spinal fusion

CR angle required for AP axial sacrum

15 degrees cephalad (20 degrees for patients with a greater posterior curvature or tilt)

For AP Axial sacrum, CR should be directed to

2 inches superior to pubic symphysis

AP axial sacrum visualizes

Sacrum, SI joints, and L5-S1 joint space

Rotation on AP axial sacrum determined by

Alignment of median sagittal crests and coccyx with pubis symphysis

Correct alignment of CR on AP axial sacrum determined by

sacrum is free of foreshortening and the pubis and sacral foramina are not superimposed

patient prep for AP axial coccyx includes

emptying of bladder and lower colon free of gas/stool, if able

CR angle required for AP axial coccyx

10 caudad

CR should be centered at ________ for an AP axial coccyx

2 inches superior to pubic symphysis

Correct CR alignment on AP axial coccyx is indicated by

coccyx appears free of superimposition and is projected superiorly to pubis

No rotation indicated on AP axial coccyx indicated by

coccyx appears equidistant from the lateral walls of the pelvic opening

Angle for lateral sacrum and coccyx

0 degrees

CR should be directed to ___________ for lateral sacrum and coccyx

3-4 inches posterior to ASIS

CR angle required for AP Axial SI joints

30-35 degrees cephalad

For AP Axial SI joints, CR should be directed to

2 inches below the level of the ASIS

AP Axial SI joints can also be performed ________ (body position/projection) with a CR angle of _________

prone/PA, 30-35 caudad angle

AP Axial SI joints visualizes

SI joints and L5-S1 joint space

No rotation determined on an AP Axial SI joint image by

spinous processes of L5 in center of vertebral body and symmetric appearance of ala/wings of sacrum

Degree of body obliquity needed for oblique SI joints

25-30 degrees, with side of interest elevated

CR angle for oblique SI joints

0

CR directed to _________ for oblique SI joints

1 inch medial to upside ASIS

RPO SI joint visualizes

left SI joints

LPO SI joint visualizes

right SI joint