Chapters 7-9 SOC

What is the main assumption of Social Control Theory?

People are rational actors who weigh the costs and benefits of their decisions, and are naturally antisocial.

What is the focus of Social Control Theory?

Understanding compliance rather than deviance.

What are internal and external controls?

Internal Control: Rules from our conscience. External Control: Rules placed by society to prevent deviance.

What are the four clusters in Nye’s development of Social Control Theory?

1. Internalized control: Rules and norms internalized during childhood. 2. Indirect control: Disapproval from someone whose opinion matters. 3. Direct control: Punishment or ostracizing. 4. Stakes in conformity: Motivation to comply due to goals or investments in society.

What does Hirschi’s theory assume about people?

Everyone is naturally deviant, and social bonds explain conformity.

What are the four components of social bonds?

1. Attachment: Emotional ties, especially to parents, friends, and teachers. 2. Commitment: Investments in conventional society. 3. Involvement: Time spent on pro-social activities. 4. Belief: Moral alignment with rules and norms.

What determines behavior in Self-Control Theory?

Maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, guided by levels of self-control.

What is the long-term impact of self-control?

High self-control in youth leads to high self-control in adulthood.

What are key transitions in Life Course Theory that promote social bonds?

Career, marriage, and parenting.

How is family a controlling agent of deviance?

Through discipline, attachment, and supervision.

What does symbolic interactionism focus on?

Micro-contexts and meanings given to interactions, people, and objects.

What is the "looking-glass self"?

The concept that we are shaped by others' perceptions of us.

What did Franklin Tannenbaum believe about reactions to behavior?

Reactions can change the nature of behavior, turning juvenile acts into a 'dramatization of evil.'

What are primary and secondary deviance?

Primary Deviance: The initial act. Secondary Deviance: Behavior resulting from being labeled.

What is the "deviant master status"?

A label that overshadows all other identities (e.g., sex offender).

What is reintegrative shaming?

Separating the act from the person: 'Hate the sin, not the sinner.'

What is restorative justice?

Taking responsibility, acknowledging harm, and making amends.

What is the focus of Marxist Theory?

The role of capitalism in creating conflict and inequality.

What is dialectical materialism?

Focusing on material conditions and resolving contradictions to shape new realities.

What are Bonger’s and Spitzer’s views on deviance?

Bonger: Economic crime is expected in capitalism; solution is redistributing wealth. Spitzer: Advanced capitalism creates 'problem populations' like social junk (useless workers) and social dynamite (critical workers).

What does the instrumental function of law do?

Tells us what is and isn’t illegal.

What does the symbolic function of law do?

Sends messages about right and wrong behaviors or people.

How does Vold explain group conflict?

Groups seek acceptance and power, leading to inevitable conflict.

What is Turk’s view on law enforcement?

Law enforcement often targets less powerful groups.