cardiovascular system

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Last updated 1:18 AM on 6/24/26
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18 Terms

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term image

  1. aorta

  2. pulmonary artery

  3. pulmonary veins

  4. left atrium

  5. mitral valve

  6. aortic valve

  7. left ventricle

  8. myocardium

  9. inferior vena cava

  10. right ventricle

  11. tricuspid valve

  12. pulmonary valve

  13. right atrium

  14. superior vena cava

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functions of the cardiovascular system

maintain homeostasis — pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure

transport — nutrients, hormones, and gases

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circulatory system

closed, double-loop (pulmonary and systemic)

arteries, veins, and capillaries

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arteries

thick-walled vessels

carry blood away from the heart

oxygen rich (except pulmonary artery)

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veins

thin-walled vessels

carry blood to the heart

oxygen poor (except pulmonary veins)

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capillaries

connects arteries and veins in tissues

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lymphatic system

open system

filters interstitial through lymph nodes where lymphocytes and macrophages monitor for foreign material then it drains into the heart by large veins

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pulmonary loop

  1. deoxygenated blood carried from the right ventricle to the lungs

  2. oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium

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systemic loop

  1. oxygenated blood is carried from the left ventricle to the body

  2. deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium

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systole and diastole

systole: heart contracts

diastole: heart relaxes

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heart cycle

  1. ventricular systole: ventricles contract

  2. AV valves close ('“lub”)

  3. atrial systole: atria contract and empty ventricles fill with blood

  4. semilunar valves close (“dub”)

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sinoatrial (SA) node

“pacemaker” which sends out electrical signals that control heart contractions

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blood plasma

liquid portion of blood

contains nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and immune proteins

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red blood cells

contain hemoglobin

transport O2 and CO2 between the lungs and rest of the body

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bicarbonate buffer system

85% of CO2 is used to maintain pH balance in the blood

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types of leukocytes

granulocytes: basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils

agranulocytes: monocytes and lymphocytes

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blood flow cycle

  1. oxygenated blood enters the left ventricle

  2. aorta pumps blood throughout the body

  3. O2 in capillaries is dropped off at tissues and CO2 is picked up

  4. deoxygenated blood enters left atrium and ventricle by veins

  5. pulmonary artery pumps blood to the lungs to pick up O2 and drop of CO2

  6. oxygenated blood is carried by veins to the left ventricle

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platelets

facilitate clotting