55. Lymphoreticular tumours. Classification. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Clinical signs, methods of diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Treatment

explain the lymphoreticular system

organs

tissues

cells

the system concerned with the development and growth of white blood cells

organs involved lymph nodes, spleen, thymus , bone marrow , tonsils

tissues- lymphoid tissue, tonsils, Peyer's

cells- lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages

lymphocytes are generated where ?

central lymphoid organs (thymus, bone marrow)

after lymphocytes are created where do they go?

secondary or peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen ,lymph nodes,tonsils)) where they are maintained and adaptive immune responses are initated

lymphocytes types

B - protect body from germs by making antibodies and place markers indicating destruction needed

T - some directly kill/role in boost or slow activity of immune system cells

most lymphomas occur where?

B lymphocytes

bone marrow function

spongy tissues synthesies white+red blood cells and platelets

thymus function

important part to play in fetal life but redunant in adult life but failure to develop leads to immunodeficiency , thymic hyperplasia and tumors

spleen function

mounts immunological response

acts as a filter removing obsolescent rbcs and particulate mattter from blood

lymph node function

receiving lymph from the tissues and destroying or mounting immune responses to foreign agents before they reach the bloodstream.

what is non-hodgkin lymphoma?

abnormal growth of B,T, or NK cells

malignant

give examples of B cell lymphomas

diffuse large B cell

follicular

Burkitt

give examples of T cell lymphomas

precursor T lymphoblastic

peripheral T cell

what is Burkitt lymphoma?

B-cell type lymphoma

highly aggressive

very fast growing

starts in abdomen, ovaries or testes. can spread to brain

Burkitt lymphoma affects whom?

approx 90% are male

average age 30

how is diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma made?

blood tests

imaging (MRI and PET scans)

removing whole lymph node for biopsy

what is the treatment for Burkitt lymphoma?

intensive chemotherapy with Rituximab