MODULE 1: MULTI

Culture

understand experience and create social behavior.

Diversity

understanding and respecting the reality that each individual is unique

workplace

employed and where the organization conducts its business activities.

multicultural workplace

emphasizes the value of embracing diversity

Cultural diversity

employing staff from various cultural backgrounds.

Dynamic

Culture is something that changes

Learnt

it must be learned via interaction with one’s surroundings

Non-uniform

rituals, ideas, moral values, and beliefs vary signficantly.

Patterned

change in one component will inevitably cause a change in the other.

Social

Culture is a result of society

Shared

Culture is something that all members of an organization share

Transferable

Culture is passed down from one generation to the next.

Edward Hall and Mildred Hall Model

Dimensions of Culture

Monochronic culture or M-time

time is given more importance that individuals.

Polychronic culture or P-time

value on people or human connections than on time

Space Language

proxemics. people utilize their personal space

Language of Objects

emphasizes the ownership of tangible things

Language of Friendship

how individuals approach establishing friends

Agreement Language

Formal and informal agreements.

High Context Culture

implicit communication; context more important than words.

Low Context Culture

Direct communication; words more important than context.

Power Distance Index (PDI)

Unequal distribution of power.

Individualism

People prioritize themselves and immediate family.

Collectivism

People prioritize group welfare and loyalty.

Masculinity

A cultural value that emphasizes achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and success.

Femininity

A cultural value that emphasizes cooperation, humility, and concern for others.

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)

The degree to which people feel comfortable or uncomfortable with uncertainty and risk

Long-Term Orientation (LTO)

A perspective that values persistence, adaptation, and future rewards.

Short-Term Orientation

A perspective that values traditions and quick results.

Indulgence

human impulses linked to enjoying life and having pleasure.

Constraint

Suppresses satisfaction of wants and regulates it via the implementation

Multidimensional

Diversity includes both visible and invisible differences among people.

Inclusion

Diversity recognizes both differences and similarities among individuals.

Primary Dimensions

Inborn traits with a continuing influence on a person's life.

Pros and Cons

Diversity can benefit an organization if managed properly but may create problems if mishandled.

Secondary Dimensions

Traits that may be changed.

Exclusion

Keeping members of different groups out.

Denial

Ignoring cultural peculiarities.

Suppression

Teaching individuals to keep differences to themselves.

Segregation

Assigning certain groups to specific jobs or departments

Assimilation

Converting members into copies of the dominant group.

Tolerance

Recognizing differences but limiting contact across groups.

Connection Establishing

Building healthy relationships to overcome difficulties.

Promoting Mutual Adaptation

Embracing and comprehending differences and diversity.

Workplace Discrimination

fails to provide equal opportunities for employees

Social Group Exclusion

individuals might be excluded from conversations