Collapse of Weimar + collapse of Nazis

When was the Wall Street Crash?

Oct 1929

What happened in Oct 1929?

The Wall Street Crash

What happened Oct 1929 Wall Street Crash?

New York stock market collapsed

Oct 1929 Wall Street Crash effect on Weimar (5)

-American loans called in + bankers called in their loans

-People tried to convert their savings into gold

-Banks collapsed coz of shortage of money

-Demand in industry went down + unemployment rose to 6 million 1932

-Prices in agriculture collapsed which weakened alr struggling farmers

What is

-American loans called in + bankers called in their loans

-People tried to convert their savings into gold

-Banks collapsed coz of shortage of money

-Demand in industry went down + unemployment rose to 6 million 1932

-Prices in agriculture collapsed which weakened alr struggling farmers

Oct 1929 Wall Street Crash effect on Weimar

When did unemployment reach 6 mill?

1932

What reached 6 mill in 1932?

Unemployment

When did Muller gov fall + replaced w/ Bruning?

March 1930

What happened in March 1930?

Muller gov + replaced w/ Bruning

What was Muller gov falling + replaced w/ Bruning March 1930

SPD excluded from power for rest of Weimar

Replaced by Bruning from Centre party

Effect of fall of Muller gov + replaced w/ Bruning March 1930

End of SPD involvement moved GER politics to the right

Hugenberg press accelerated feelings of chaos

What is

End of SPD involvement moved GER politics to the right

Hugenberg press accelerated feelings of chaos

Effect of fall of Muller gov + replaced by Bruning March 1920

Effect of Hindenburg overuse of Article 48

Weakened parliamentary gov + reduced role of chancellor

Sep 1930 Reichstag election

SPD biggest party w/ 143 seats

Nazi votes increase to 107 seats + 6.5 million votes

KPD seats increase to 77

What is

SPD biggest party w/ 143 seats

Nazi votes increase to 107 seats + 6.5 million votes

KPD seats increase to 77

Sep 1930 Reichstag election

How many seats did Nazis get in Sep 1930 election?

107

6.5 million votes

Who got 107 seats, 6.5 million votes in Sep 1930 election?

Nazis

How many seats did KPD get in Sep 1930 election?

Increased to 77

Why did DNVP + DVP lose seats in Sep 1930 election?

Voters moved to Nazi party

Effect of Sep 1930 election

Move towards political extremism

2/5 of voters supported parties opposed to Weimar Republic democracy

What is

Move towards political extremism

2/5 of voters supported parties opposed to Weimar Republic democracy

Effect of Sep 1930 election

How many voters supported parties opposed to Weimar Republic democracy in Sep 1930 election?

2/5

When was Bruning’s 2nd administration?

Oct 1931-32

What happened in Bruning’s 2nd administration 1931-32?

-Economic chaos due to Bruning’s poor handling of economy made it easy for extremist parties to stir discontent

-Tried to make an Austro-GER customs union but failed coz of FRA being unhappy

What is

-Economic chaos due to Bruning’s poor handling of economy made it easy for extremist parties to stir discontent

-Tried to make an Austro-GER customs union but failed coz of FRA being unhappy

What happened in Bruning’s 2nd administration 1931-32

Effect of Bruning’s 2nd administration 1931-32

-Higher rate of support for extremist parties

-Economy continued to suffer due to poor policies

-Clear GER still under control of allies

What is

-Higher rate of support for extremist parties

-Economy continued to suffer due to poor policies

-Clear GER still under control of allies

Effect of Bruning’s 2nd administration 1931-32

What did Bruning fail to make during his 2nd administration (1931-32) and why?

Austro-GER customs union

FRA unhappy w/ it

What happened at the Presidential election of 1932?

Hitler runs against Hindenburg + loses

Hitler: 30%

Hindenburg: 49%

What is

Hitler runs against Hindenburg + loses

Hitler: 30%

Hindenburg: 49%

Presidential election 1932

In which presidential election did Hitler run against Hindenburg and lose?

1932

Hitler: 30%

Hindenburg: 49%

Effect of 1932 Presidential election

Hindenburg sets bad example for a democracy coz he doesn’t believe in it

Hitler has even less support for democracy

What is

Hindenburg sets bad example for a democracy coz he doesn’t believe in it

Hitler has even less support for democracy

Effect of 1932 Presidential election

Fall of Bruning 1932

-Bruning wants Hindenburg to sign decree turning estates of former Prussian aristocrats into 600,000 allotments for unemployed

-Causes protests by landowning class

-Hindenburg refuses to sign + demands Bruning’s resignation

What is

-Bruning wants Hindenburg to sign decree turning estates of former Prussian aristocrats into 600,000 allotments for unemployed

-Causes protests by landowning class

-Hindenburg refuses to sign + demands Bruning’s resignation

Fall of Bruning 1932

How many allotments would Bruning’s idea have made?

600,000 from estates of former Prussian aristocrats

Effect of fall of Bruning 1932

-Weimar lost last leader who supported democracy, no one else has an interest in democracy

-Government by intrigue

What is

-Weimar lost last leader who supported democracy, no one else has an interest in democracy

-Government by intrigue

Effect of fall of Bruning 1932

When was Von Papen’s administration?

June-Dec 1932

What happened in Von Papen’s administration June-Dec 1932?

-Cabinet known as ‘Cabinet of Barons’ coz represented mainly landed + industrial class

-Removed ban on SA + SS

→ immediately led to increased violence + clashes b/t Nazi + COM claims 1K lives

-Dismisses SPD gov

What is

-Cabinet known as ‘Cabinet of Barons’ coz represented mainly landed + industrial class

-Removed ban on SA + SS

→ immediately led to increased violence + clashes b/t Nazi + COM claims 1K lives

-Dismisses SPD gov

Von Papen’s administration June-Dec 1932

Effect of Von Papen’s administration June-Dec 1932

-General public not represented so policies unlikely to represent them

-Government by intrigue

-Undermines democracy by dismissing a democratically elected gov (SPD)

-Constant violence thats hard to restrain

What is

-General public not represented so policies unlikely to represent them

-Government by intrigue

-Undermines democracy by dismissing a democratically elected gov (SPD)

-Constant violence thats hard to restrain

Effect of Von Papen’s administration June-Dec 1932

2 elections of 1932

July 1932: Nazis win 37% of the vote

SPD 2nd, KPD 3rd

Hitler not offered Chancellorship coz Hindenburg thinks him unsuitable

Rejects offer of Vice-chancellorship

Nov 1932: Nazis lose 34 seats, KPD gain 11

Hitler offered chancellorship but Hindenburg removes ability to govern by presidential decree

What is

July 1932: Nazis win 37% of the vote

SPD 2nd, KPD 3rd

Hitler not offered Chancellorship coz Hindenburg thinks him unsuitable

Rejects offer of Vice-chancellorship

Nov 1932: Nazis lose 34 seats, KPD gain 11

Hitler offered chancellorship but Hindenburg removes ability to govern by presidential decree

2 elections of 1932

How much did Nazis win in July 1932 election BUT

37%

But Hitler not offered chancellorship coz Hindenburg thought him unsuitable

Rejects offer of vice-chancellorship

When was Hitler offered Chancellorship?

After Nov 1932 election

But Hindenburg removed right to govern by presidential decree

Effect of 2 elections 1932

-Support for extremist parties continues to grow, matched by an extremist gov

-Left GER in a state of limbo

Results of Nov 1932 election

Nazis lose 34 seats

KPD gain 11

Hitler offered chancellorship but Hindenburg removes ability to govern by Presidential decree

When was Von Schleicher’s administration?

Dec 1932- Jan 1933

Von Schleicher’s administration Dec 1932- Jan 1933

-Tried to bargain w/ other parties to make coalition but failed

-Tried to create division in Nazis by offering Vice-chancellorship to Strasser, from the Socialist wing of party

→ Hitler intervened

What is

-Tried to bargain w/ other parties to make coalition but failed

-Tried to create division in Nazis by offering Vice-chancellorship to Strasser, from the Socialist wing of party

→ Hitler intervened

Von Schleicher’s administration Dec1932- Jan 1933

How did Von Schleicher try to create division in Nazi party?

Offered vice-chancellorship to Stresser from Socialist wing of party

Hitler intervened

Effect of Von Schleicher’s administration Dec 1932- Jan 1933

Democracy seemed pretty much over

When did Hitler take the Chancellorship??

Jan 1933

Hitler takes chancellorship Jan 1933

-Von Papen persuades Hindenburg to remove Schliecher and appoint Hitler coz thought he could control him

-30th Jan Hitler sworn in

What is

-Von Papen persuades Hindenburg to remove Schliecher and appoint Hitler coz thought he could control him

-30th Jan 1933 Hitler sworn in

Hitler takes chancellorship Jan 1933

Effect of Hitler taking chancellorship 30 Jan 1933

End of hope for return to functioning democracy

Gives him a way to get unbridled power