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William Shakespeare
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AO3
Nautical imagery
Elizabethan Era - enlightenment of nautical travel
‘Star’ - unmoving Polaris
Part of the 1-126 sonnets addressed to the ‘fair youth’ - Henry Wriothesley, to whom Venus and Adonis and The Rape of Lucrece are dedicated
romantic - not turning into the language of dark and painful love
‘True mindes’
Rebelling against the norms of marriage and suggesting that marriage should be due connection not convenience
‘Impediments’
Evoking the marriage sacrament
‘Times’
allusion to the Grim Reaper
Scythe - the crescent of a full circle
part of a compass
death is inevitable but love endures
Biblical reference - judgement day
Shakespeare most famous for figurative descriptive language and metaphors - ‘it is the star’
AO4
Love and time/enduring love
Remember
To His Coy Mistress
Idealised love
She Walks in Beauty
Gatsby
Idolatry is not love
lack of genuine connection
unattainable
Characters cannot sever themselves from the past
‘It is the star to every wandering barke’
‘nothing except a single green light, minute and far away’
‘Lov’s not Time’s fool’
‘Can’t repeat the past? Why, of course you can’
AO5
New Historicist - Tyson
‘it is permeated by the desire to escape history’
Sonnet 116 - permeated by a desire to escape time but views history as only a continuation of current love
AO5
time is destructive, not love
personified in the scythe
Ledger - there is deeper trouble in the sonnet, overly idealised and fantasised
‘sandwiched between between three sonnets which discuss the philosophical question of how love deceives both eye and mind and judgement, and is then followed by four others which attempt to excuse the poet’s own unfaithfulness and betrayal of the beloved’
AO5
Roessner - love as fragile
emphasis on what love is not turns the sonnet into a negative defensive position
highlights underlying tensions and anxieties about love