NR442 Community Health: Week 3 - Community Healthcare Systems and Environmental Health

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering community health promotion, risk factors, healthcare systems, financing programs (Medicare/Medicaid), and environmental health assessment tools.

Health Promotion

Enabling people to increase control over and improve their health through a combination of health education and support.

Risk factor

Exposure to something known to be associated with a disease, such as a smoker having an increased risk for lung cancer.

Modifiable risk factor

Factors that a person has control over, including diet, exercise, and smoking.

Non-modifiable risk factor

Factors that a person has little to no control over, such as genetics, age, gender, and environmental exposure.

Health Belief Model

A model used to understand why people act the way they do, including perceptions of seriousness, susceptibility, benefits/barriers to treatment, cues to action, and self-efficacy.

Transtheoretical Model

A model that assumes behavior change takes place over time through stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, and Maintenance.

Precontemplation

The stage of change where there is no intention of making any changes for the next 6 months, often due to lack of info or previous failure.

Contemplation

The stage of change where a person has some intention to take action in the next 6 months, usually weighing pros and cons.

Preparation

The stage of change where a person intends to take action in the next month and has a developed plan.

Health equity

When everyone has an opportunity to achieve their full health potential, regardless of their differences; only achieved by eliminating health disparities.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

The conditions in the environments where people are born, live, and work that affect health, well-being, and quality of life.

Economic stability

A category of SDOH focusing on poverty, employment, food security, and stable housing.

Private healthcare subsystem

A system including personal care services provided by profit, nonprofit, and voluntary agencies like the American Cancer Society.

Public healthcare subsystem

A system focused on activities that promote population health and a healthy environment, mandated by the Constitution to promote general welfare.

Assessment (Core Function)

A core function of the state subsystem involving data collection, epidemiological activities, and participation in research projects.

Policy development (Core Function)

A core function of the state subsystem involving formulating goals, developing health plans, and setting standards for local agencies.

Assurance activities (Core Function)

A core function of the state subsystem involving inspections, licensing of health professionals, health education, and environmental safety.

Medicare Part A

Premium-free hospital insurance funded by payroll and federal taxes; enrollees must pay a deductible for services.

Medicare Part B

Insurance purchased for a monthly fee to cover physician services, hospital outpatient care, and durable medical equipment.

Medicare Part C

Insurance coverage purchased to include vision, hearing, and dental care not covered by Parts A, B, or D.

Medicare Part D

Insurance purchased for a monthly premium to help reduce the cost of prescription costs.

Medicaid

A public welfare assistance program for children, pregnant women, the disabled, and the elderly with income below the poverty line.

Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)

Insurance for children of low-socioeconomic families who do not qualify for Medicaid.

Built Environment

Buildings, spaces, and products created or modified by people, including homes, schools, workplaces, and transportation systems.

Air quality index

A tool used to alert the public to times when the air is unhealthy, often related to Ozone levels.

I PREPARE

An assessment tool for environmental exposures: Investigate potential exposures, Present work, Residence, Environmental concerns, Past work, Activities, Referrals and Resources, and Educate.

Advocacy

Promoting and protecting the health of individuals and communities by collaborating with stakeholders and decision-makers to support policies improving health outcomes.

Title VIII Nursing Workforce Reauthorization Act

A law supporting nursing workforce development programs and grants to meet demand and reduce disparities in the public health workplace.

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Healthcare reform ensuring insurers cannot place lifetime limits on coverage or rescind coverage for those with chronic diseases.