Bio 1114 Lab Final

Arthropods

Invertebrates with an exoskeleton and a segmented body

Taxis

Movement in response to stimulus

Kinesis

Rate in change of movement

Scientific Hypotheses

Broad, Testable/Falsifiable, Because, Prior knowledge

Null Hypothesis Ho

The expectation that the occurrence of an event is due to random chance.

Alternative Hypothesis Ha

The expectation that the occurrence of an event is NOT due to random chance

Predictions

Specific, dependent variable, if, independent variable

hypotheses differentiate from predictions

Predictions are far more specific than hypotheses

DOF

# of options – 1

Confounding Variables

Unintended variables that make it harder to ensure that your experiment is testing the behavior you're analyzing

Population

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time.

Evolution

Change in the inherited traits of a population of organisms from generation to generation.

Microevolution

studies changes within a population

Macroevolution

studies changes that divide a population

Natural Selection

advantageous trait are more likely to survive and reproduce

Biological fitness

Produce surviving, fertile, offspring relative to other members of the population

Genetic drift

Random fluctuations of alleles within a population

Population bottleneck

When a population is greatly reduced but then recovers

Founder effect

Group of individuals from a population start a new, unestablished, population

Gene

heredity information that consists of a specific nucleotide sequence

Allele

alternative form of a gene

Phenotype

observable characteristics

Genotype

Alleles of a gene or genes present in a given individual

5 Hardy Weinberg assumptions

Large Population, Isolated Population, No Net Mutations, Random Mating, No Natural Selection

Allele frequencies

p + q =1

Genotype frequencies

p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1

Zone of Inhibition

area around filter paper coated with our spice extract where no bacteria have grown

Species

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding

Taxonomy

a field of study that involves identifying, naming, and systemically organizing all life on Earth

Taxonomic rank

ranks are ordered from largest and most diverse to smallest and least diverse.

Speciation

The splitting of one species into two or more species. Needs reproductive isolation and genetic divergence

Allopatric speciation

when a geographic barrier causes one group in a population to be reproductively isolated from another

Morphological species concept

identifying physical similarities and differences.

Biological species concept

viable and fertile offspring.

Pre-zygotic

prevents fertilization

Post-zygotic

prevents development of a embryo

molecular species concept

analyzations of their DNA sequences