endocrine system
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54 Terms
What does the endocrine system do?
Produces and releases hormones that control body functions
What does the word endocrine mean?
To secrete
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream
How do hormones travel around the body?
Through the bloodstream
What are target cells?
Cells with receptors that match a specific hormone
What is a feedback loop?
A process where the body returns conditions back to normal
What are endocrine glands?
Ductless glands that release hormones into the bloodstream
What are exocrine glands?
Glands that release substances through ducts
Give an example of an exocrine gland.
Salivary gland
Give another example of an exocrine gland.
Sweat gland
Why are endocrine glands called ductless glands?
Because they release hormones directly into the blood
What is the pituitary gland known as?
The Master Gland
Why is the pituitary gland called the Master Gland?
Because it controls other endocrine glands
Where is the pituitary gland located?
In the brain
What is the hypothalamus connected to?
The pituitary gland
What does the thyroid gland produce?
Thyroxine
What does thyroxine control?
Metabolism
Where is the thyroid gland located?
In the neck near the voice box
What is metabolism?
The rate at which the body uses energy
Where are the adrenal glands located?
On top of each kidney
What hormone do the adrenal glands release during stress?
Adrenaline
What does adrenaline do?
Prepares the body for action and increases heart rate
What is the pancreas responsible for?
Producing insulin and digestive juices
What does insulin control?
Blood sugar levels
What happens if the body does not produce enough insulin?
Diabetes can occur
What is diabetes?
A condition with too much sugar in the blood
Where are the ovaries located?
In the female pelvis
What do the ovaries produce?
Eggs and female hormones
What hormones do the ovaries produce?
Oestrogen and progesterone
What does oestrogen do?
Controls female development and the menstrual cycle
What does progesterone do?
Supports pregnancy and controls the menstrual cycle
What do the testes produce?
Sperm and testosterone
What does testosterone control?
Male development and muscle growth
Where are the testes located?
In the male scrotum
What body functions are controlled by hormones?
Growth, metabolism, stress and reproduction
How do hormones affect puberty?
They cause physical and emotional changes
At what ages do girls usually begin puberty?
Around 9–13 years
At what ages do boys usually begin puberty?
Around 10–15 years
What does the endocrine system help regulate?
Body temperature
What does the endocrine system help regulate besides temperature?
Sleep
How does the endocrine system help with food?
It controls how food is broken down and used
What does the endocrine system control during emergencies?
Stress responses and adrenaline release
What is hyperthyroidism?
An overactive thyroid gland
What is hypothyroidism?
An underactive thyroid gland
What is PMT?
Premenstrual tension
What is the main job of hormones?
To send messages around the body
Can hormones affect organs far from where they were made?
Yes
What gland controls blood sugar levels?
The pancreas
What gland controls metabolism?
The thyroid gland
What hormone is released during fight or flight situations?
Adrenaline
What system works closely with the nervous system?
The endocrine system
How many hormones are in the human body?
Over 30 hormones
What is one important role of the endocrine system during puberty?
Controlling growth and development