Heart Health and CPR: Cardiovascular System, Emergency Response, and AED Use

What is heart rate?

The number of times your heart beats in a minute (bpm).

What is pulse?

The feeling of your heartbeat through an artery.

What is blood pressure?

The force of blood pushing against the artery walls as the heart pumps.

How does exercise affect heart rate and blood pressure?

Exercise increases heart rate and blood pressure temporarily.

What are the five major functions of the cardiovascular system?

Transports oxygen and nutrients, removes waste, circulates hormones, regulates body temperature, and protects the body.

What are the three major parts of the heart?

Heart, blood, blood vessels.

What do arteries do?

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

What do veins do?

Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart.

What is the function of capillaries?

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs here.

What are tips for a healthy heart?

Stop smoking, get proper exercise, cut out saturated fats, manage stress, eat fruits and vegetables, and get proper sleep.

What are controllable risk factors for heart disease?

High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, diet, and exercise.

What are uncontrollable risk factors for heart disease?

Sex, age, and genetics.

What is the route of blood entering and exiting the heart?

Enters through the superior and inferior vena cava, to the right atrium, right ventricle, out the pulmonary artery, to the lungs, back through the pulmonary veins, to the left atrium, left ventricle, out the aorta.

What does CPR do?

Circulates blood to vital organs.

What are signs of an emergency?

Unusual sights, sounds, smells, or behaviors.

What are the consent rules for giving care?

If a person does not consent, you can call 911 and wait with them. For minors, ask a parent or guardian; otherwise, consent is implied in emergencies.

What do Good Samaritan Laws protect?

Civilians who help people they believe to be injured or in danger.

What are glove rules?

Don't touch the outside of the glove with bare hands, wash hands after, and dispose of gloves properly.

What are the emergency action steps?

Check the scene for safety, call 911, and care for life-threatening conditions.

What does SAM stand for in checking a conscious person?

Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications and medical history.

What is the recovery position?

Turn the individual towards you on their side if they are unresponsive but breathing.

What are the components of CPR?

30 compressions at a rate of 100-120 beats per minute, followed by 2 breaths.

What is the difference between cardiac arrest and a heart attack?

A heart attack is a circulation problem; cardiac arrest is an electrical problem.

How long should a rescue breath last?

1 second, and the chest should begin to rise.

When should you stop CPR?

When the person shows obvious signs of life, the scene becomes unsafe, or EMS takes over.

What are signs of unconscious choking?

Chest does not rise during breaths; lean the person forward and give back blows and abdominal thrusts.

When do you use an AED?

When the victim is unconscious.

Why do you use an AED?

To deliver a shock to restore the heartbeat and pump blood effectively.

Where do you place AED pads?

Top right of the chest and below the pec on the lower left.

What are safety precautions when using an AED?

Ensure the victim is removed from water, chest is dry, pads are not placed on medical implants, and pads do not touch each other.