7- AROMATICS

c. Inherent stability due to resonance

Property that explains why aromatics behave differently from alkenes despite looking similar

a. Inherent reactivity due to halogenation
b. Inherent instability due to conjugation
c. Inherent stability due to resonance
d. Inherent polarity due to electronegativity

c. Electron-rich (weakly nucleophilic)

Electronic character of aromatic compounds

a. Electron-poor (strongly electrophilic)
b. Electron-neutral
c. Electron-rich (weakly nucleophilic)
d. Electron-rich (strongly nucleophilic)

d. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

Common mechanism for all standard reactions of aromatics

a. Electrophilic Addition
b. Nucleophilic Substitution
c. Free Radical Substitution
d. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution

1) Halogenation

2) Nitration

3) Sulfonation

4) Friedel-Crafts alkylation

5) Friedel-Crafts acylation

Common mechanism of Aromatic Compounds (5)

c. Halogenation

Aromatic reaction involving addition of X₂ using FeX₃ as catalyst

a. Nitration
b. Sulfonation
c. Halogenation
d. Friedel-Crafts alkylation

d. FeX₃ (Lewis’ acid catalyst)

Catalyst used in the Halogenation of benzene

a. Pd/Pt/Ni
b. H₂SO₄
c. AlCl₃
d. FeX₃

c. Lewis acid catalyst

Classification of FeX₃ used as catalyst in Halogenation of benzene

a. Brønsted acid catalyst
b. Free radical catalyst
c. Lewis acid catalyst
d. Nucleophilic catalyst

c. X⁺ (halomium ion)

Electrophile generated during Halogenation of benzene using FeX₃

a. X⁻ (halide ion)
b. X· (halogen radical)
c. X⁺ (halomium ion)
d. HX (hydrogen halide)

b. Halobenzene

Product formed when benzene undergoes Halogenation

a. Nitrobenzene
b. Halobenzene
c. Benzene sulfonic acid
d. Toluene

c. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄

Reagents used in the Nitration of benzene

a. Fuming H₂SO₄ / conc. H₂SO₄
b. FeX₃ and X₂
c. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
d. SO₃ + H₂SO₄

d. NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion)

Electrophile generated during Nitration of benzene

a. NO₂⁻ (nitrite ion)
b. NO₃⁺ (nitrate ion)
c. NH₄⁺ (ammonium ion)
d. NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion)

c. Nitrobenzene

Product formed when benzene undergoes Nitration

a. Halobenzene
b. Benzene sulfonic acid
c. Nitrobenzene
d. Aniline

d. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

Aromatic reaction involving addition of an alkyl group using RX and AlCl₃

a. Friedel-Crafts Acylation
b. Nitration
c. Sulfonation
d. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

c. RX, AlCl₃

Reagents used in Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of benzene

a. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
b. Fuming H₂SO₄ / conc. H₂SO₄
c. RX, AlCl₃
d. X₂, FeX₃

d. R⁺ (carbocation)

Electrophile generated during Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of benzene

a. X⁺ (halomium ion)
b. NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion)
c. HSO₄⁺ (sulfonium ion)
d. R⁺ (carbocation)

d. Alkyl benzene

Product formed when benzene undergoes Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

a. Nitrobenzene
b. Halobenzene
c. Aromatic ketone
d. Alkyl benzene

b. Low yield due to prone to rearrangement

Disadvantage of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation that affects its product yield

a. Requires expensive Lewis acid catalyst
b. Low yield due to prone to rearrangement
c. Produces unstable carbocation intermediate only
d. Reversible reaction under mild conditions

c. Friedel-Crafts Acylation

Aromatic reaction involving addition of an acyl group using R-C=O-X and AlCl₃

a. Friedel-Crafts Alkylation
b. Halogenation
c. Friedel-Crafts Acylation
d. Nitration

a. R-C=O-X, AlCl₃

Reagents used in Friedel-Crafts Acylation of benzene

a. R-C=O-X, AlCl₃
b. X₂, FeX₃
c. HNO₃ + H₂SO₄
d. RX, AlCl₃

c. R-C=O⁺ (acylium ion)

Electrophile generated during Friedel-Crafts Acylation of benzene

a. R⁺ (carbocation)
b. NO₂⁺ (nitronium ion)
c. R-C=O⁺ (acylium ion)
d. X⁺ (halomium ion)

a. Aromatic ketone

Product formed when benzene undergoes Friedel-Crafts Acylation

a. Aromatic ketone
b. Benzene sulfonic acid
c. Halobenzene
d. Alkyl benzene

c. Benzene

Aromatic compound known as a solvent and is toxic

a. Toluene
b. Naphthalene
c. Benzene
d. Aniline

d. Naphthalene

Aromatic compound known as a solvent and used in moth balls

a. Benzene
b. Toluene
c. Hydroquinone
d. Naphthalene

b. Toluene

Aromatic compound known as a solvent and abused as glue sniffing

a. Aniline
b. Toluene
c. Benzene
d. Naphthalene

a. Methylbenzene

Toluene aka

a. Methylbenzene
b. Ethylbenzene
c. Aminobenzene
d. Methylphenol

c. Aniline

Aromatic compound used for dyes and some antibiotics

a. Phenol
b. Cresol
c. Aniline
d. Hydroquinone

c. Aminobenzene

Aniline aka

a. Methylbenzene
b. Ethylbenzene
c. Aminobenzene
d. Methylphenol

d. Phenol

Aromatic compound used as antiseptic and standard of other antiseptics

a. Cresol
b. Salicylic acid
c. Hydroquinone
d. Phenol

b. Carbolic Acid

Phenol aka

a. Cresol
b. Carbolic Acid
c. Carbonic Acid
d. Benzoic Acid

c. Phenol coefficient

Term used to describe the standard measurement of antiseptic potency for which Phenol/Carbolic acid serves as the reference

a. Phenol index
b. Antiseptic ratio
c. Phenol coefficient
d. Carbolic index

b. Cresol

Aromatic compound used as antiseptic and disinfectant

a. Hydroquinone
b. Cresol
c. Phenol
d. Benzaldehyde

d. Methylphenol

Cresol aka

a. Methylbenzene
b. Ethylbenzene
c. Aminobenzene
d. Methylphenol

d. Hydroquinone

Aromatic compound used as astringent in many skin products

a. Cresol
b. Salicylic acid
c. Benzaldehyde
d. Hydroquinone

c. Salicylic acid

Aromatic compound known as keratolytic

a. Benzoic acid
b. Hydroquinone
c. Salicylic acid
d. Phenol

b. Aspirin

Aromatic compound known as anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic

a. Benzoic acid
b. Aspirin
c. Cresol
d. Benzaldehyde

b. Aspirin

Aromatic compound paired with salicylic acid

a. Benzoic acid
b. Aspirin
c. Cresol
d. Benzaldehyde

c. Benzoic acid/benzoates

Aromatic compounds used as preservatives

a. Benzaldehyde/benzyl alcohol
b. Cresol/methylphenols
c. Benzoic acid/benzoates
d. Salicylic acid/aspirin

c. Benzaldehyde

Aromatic compound known as "Oil of bitter almonds"

a. Eugenol
b. Vanillin
c. Benzaldehyde
d. Cinnamaldehyde

d. Cyanogenic glycosides

Benzaldehyde is part of the aglycone of which type of glycosides

a. Anthraquinone glycosides
b. Cardiac glycosides
c. Saponin glycosides
d. Cyanogenic glycosides

b. Shikimic acid pathway

Metabolic pathway from which natural aromatic products such as flavonoids, tannins, volatile oils, and glycosides are derived

a. Acetate-Malonate pathway
b. Shikimic acid pathway
c. Mevalonic acid pathway
d. Polyketide pathway

c. Flavonoids and tannins

Natural products stemming from the Shikimic acid pathway that are classified as antioxidant polyphenols

a. Volatile oils and glycosides
b. Cyanogenic glycosides and tannins
c. Flavonoids and tannins
d. Anthraquinones and arbutin

c. Volatile oils

Natural products stemming from the Shikimic acid pathway that include cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and thymol

a. Antioxidant polyphenols
b. Glycosides
c. Volatile oils
d. Flavonoids

d. Glycosides

Natural products stemming from the Shikimic acid pathway that include anthraquinones, arbutin, salicin, and vanillin

a. Volatile oils
b. Antioxidant polyphenols
c. Flavonoids
d. Glycosides