PSAD

MAX DEFLECTION @ MIDSPAN

MAX DEFLECTION @ MIDSPAN

MAX DEFLECTION @ END SPAN

FOR AXIALLY LOADED COLUMNS, NUMBER OF BARS IS ALWAYS _____.

EVEN

MAX DEFLECTION @ END SPAN

MAX DEFLECTION @ END SPAN

MAX DEFLECTION

DEFLECTION UNDER POINT LOAD

MAX DEFLECTION AND LOCATION FROM SUPPORT B

MAX DEFLECTION @ MIDSPAN

MAX MOMENT @MIDSPAN

MAX MOMENT @MIDSPAN

MAX MOMENT @MIDSPAN

POSITIVE MAX MOMENT @ SPAN AB OR BC (CONTINUOUS BEAM, 2 EQUAL SPAN)

NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT @MID SUPPORT (helpful in purlins)

MAX SHEAR (LOCATED AT MID SUPPORT)

REACTION AT EACH SUPPORTS

NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT @ INTERIOR SUPPORTS (CONTINUOUS BEAM, 3 EQUAL SPANS) helpful in purlins

USABLE IN PURLINS

• POSITIVE MAX MOMENT AND ITS LOCATION

• NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT

• MAX SHEAR

• REACTIONS AT SUPPORT

• POSITIVE MAX MOMENT @ MIDSPAN

• NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT

• MAX SHEAR AND REACTIONS

• POSITIVE MAX MOMENT @ MIDSPAN

• NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT

• MAX SHEAR AND REACTIONS

• POSITIVE MAX MOMENT @ MIDSPAN

• NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT

• MAX SHEAR AND REACTIONS

• POSITIVE MAX MOMENT

• NEGATIVE MAX MOMENT

• MAX SHEAR AND REACTIONS

back up 3me

RCD: CLEAR SPACING

COLUMN IS AXIALLY LOADED WHEN e is

LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.10h (TIED) AND 0.05h (SPIRAL)

COLUMN IS ECCENTRICALLY LOADED WHEN e is

GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.10h (TIED) AND 0.05h (SPIRAL)

A_{s min} and A_{s max} for Column

A_{s min} = 0.01A_g (1%)

A_{s max} = 0.08A_g (8%)

NOMINAL STRENGTH OF COLUMN P_n

SPIRAL REINFORCEMENT RATIO

4 na asong decidido over, sir dacay 2

Dc = D-2cc

𝑎 REDUCTION FACTOR FOR COLUMNS TO CONSIDER MINIMAL BENDING AND DESIGN STRENTH Ø

𝑎 = 0.80 and Ø = 0.65 FOR TIED

𝑎 = 0.85 and Ø = 0.75 FOR SPIRAL

GEOMETRIC CENTROID OF COLUMNS IS BASED ON _____.

GEOMETRIC SHAPE OF CONCRETE ONLY.

PLASTIC CENTROID IS BASED ON _____.

COMPRESSIVE FORCES OF THE COLUMN. ASSUMING ALL MATERIALS IN COLUMN ARE SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSION.

HOOKE’S LAW STRESS STRAIN

ECCENTRICALLY LOADED COLUMNS BALANCED CONDITION

DEPTH OF COMPRESSION BLOCK

𝑎

DEPTH OF NEUTRAL AXIS FROM ECCF

c

PREVENT UPLIFTING IN FOOTING (NO TENSILE STRESS)

q min = 0

PREVENT OVERTURNING IN FOOTING

THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL: LONGITUDINAL STRESS

THIN-WALLED PRESSURE VESSEL: TANGENTIAL STRESS

• CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRESS

• HOOP STRESS

always critical.

DETERMINACY FOR BEAMS

i = r + fi - 3n

r = reactions

fi = internal forces

n = number of members

DETERMINACY FOR TRUSSES

DETERMINACY OF FRAMES

TRANVERSE SHEAR: SOLID CIRCLE

TRANVERSE SHEAR: RECTANGLE

TRANVERSE SHEAR: HOLLOW TUBE

TRANVERSE SHEAR: TRIANGLE

SPACING OF BARS IN SLABS/FOOTING

bab over as

NOMINAL MOMENT CAPACITY AND DESIGN MOMENT CAPACITY

CHECKING IF THE BEAM IS SRB:

ρ₄ is used for ANALYSIS AND CHECKING ONLY.

IN CONCRETE BEAM, UPON CHECKING OF A_{s actual}, YOU FOUND OUT THAT IT IS GREATER THAN A_{s max} (ρ₄), WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP?

USE DRB :<

IN DESIGN, TO MAXIMIZE THE BEAM 1 IN DRB, WE SET THE AREA OF STEEL REINFORCEMENTS TO MAX USING ρ₅ , FORMULA FOR ρ₅?

M_N1 IN DRB

M_^N2 IN DRB

MAX MOMENT FOR MOVING LOADS (TWO WHEELS)

mangopya ka Right Left - PsaDo 2 for real

It is defined as the ratio of shear stress to shear strain.

Modulus of Rigidity

It is defined as the ratio of normal stress to normal strain.

Modulus of Elasticity

It is defined as the ratio of the negative lateral strain to longitudinal strain.

Poisson's Ratio

It is the gradual, time-dependent deformation of a material when it is subjected to a sustained load for a long period of time, even if the load is below its ultimate or yield strength.

Creep

It is the gradual decrease in stress in a material when it is subjected to a constant strain over time.

Relaxation

It is the reduction in volume or shortening of a material over time due to loss of moisture, chemical changes, or temperature effects, even without external loads.

Shrinkage

It is a measure of the "thinning" or "thickening" of a material when it is stretched or compressed. It is defined as the negative ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.

Poisson’s Ratio

This is a fundamental material property that describes stiffness and is defined as the ratio of stress to strain in the linear-elastic region.

Modulus of Elasticity

This is the decrease in stress in a steel tendon over time when it is held at a constant strain.

Relaxation

PICK-UP POINTS: MINIMIZING MAXIMUM SHEAR

PICK-UP POINTS: MINIMIZING MAXIMUM MOMENT

MOMENT CURVATURE EQUATION

ρ = radius of curvature

M = applied moment

E = modulus of elasticity

I - moment of inertia

IN RCD, V_U CRITICAL IS FOUND AT _.

d (effective depth) distance from the face of the support.

THREE MOMENT EQUATION

THREE MOMENT EQUATION

palala at palabalaba

THREE MOMENT EQUATION

8 at 7

Material property that can resist deformation without rupture.

DUCTILITY

Formula for ductility of material.

SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE IN COLUMN (simplified)

1 day NUng AUGUST 14

WHEN V_U > ΦV_C

STIRRUPS SHALL BE PROVIDED.

WHEN O.5ΦV_C < V_U ≤ ΦV_C

MINIMUM AREA OF REINF. SHALL BE PROVIDED. GREATER OF THE TWO.

WHEN V_U ≤ 0.5ΦV_C

STIRRUPS NO LONGER NEEDED.

SPACING LIMITS FOR SHEAR REINFORCEMENTS.

MALAKAS NA CONCRETE MEANS MAS MALUWAG NA SPACING.

MAHINANG CONCRETE MEANS MASINSIN NA SPACING.

REDUCTION FACTOR Φ IN BEAMS

mode 3-2

IN MOVING LOADS, IF NOT GIVEN THE DEFAULT DISTANCE OF TWO-WHEEN LOAD IS?

4.3 METERS

A_Smin FOR SLABS/FOOTING

STRUCTURE IS GEOMENTRICALLY UNSTABLE WHEN..

PAG LAHAT NG REACTION AY PARALLEL AND/OR CONCURRENT.

PAG DI NA-SATISFY ANG 3 EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS.

EFFECTIVE DEPTH AND b_W OF SPIRAL COLUMN

d=0.8D and b_w = D

D = gross diameter of column

S_MAX AND CENTER TO CENTER SPACING FOR SPIRAL COLUMN

A_Smin and RHO_min

Maximum superimposed load

subtract weight of the beam

IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM, FORMULA FOR fy

IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM, FORMULA FOR fs

DRB ANALYSIS: NOMINAL MOMENT AND DESIGN MOMENT

puro compressive forces ang considered.

DRB ANALYSIS: EQUILIBRIUM CONDITION

*na hindi dadaan kay compression block (a)

CRITICAL EULER BUCKLING STRESS

what to choose on critical buckling load?

SMALLER, ibig sabihin siya ang section na kaunting load lang ang kayang mabuhat bago mag-buckle. that makes it critical, delikado.

what to choose on critical slenderness ratio?

LARGER VALUE, just take note na may limit ang slenderness ratio (kL/r ≤ 200) so kapag lumalapit ang value sa 200, ayon ang mas nagiging critical.

in symmetrical structure such as beam loadings, beam cross-section of beam…

thuroughly analyze it and find useful symmetrical lifehacks such as centroid, at iba pang mas magpapadali sa buhay