NC SAT, Week 1

What does VFE mean

Maximum flap extension speed

What does VNO mean

Maximum speed for normal operations

What does the green arc mean

Normal operating range

What does the yellow arc mean

Caution range used only in smooth air

What does VNE mean

Never exceed speed

Why is the yellow arc dangerous in turbulence

Structural loads can become excessive

What is VA

Maneuvering speed

How does VA change with weight

Higher weight means higher VA

Why slow to VA in turbulence

The airplane should stall before structural damage from abrupt loads

Why slow to VA for maneuvering

Load factor rises in turns and abrupt control inputs

What does flying at or below VA protect against

Excessive structural loading from abrupt inputsDoes VA protect the airplane from all damage

What increases stall speed in a turn

Load factor

What two situations call for VA awareness

Turbulence and maneuvering flight

are the takeoff roll callouts

Airspeed alive gauges green max RPM

What should max RPM be on takeoff roll in this airplane

About 2350 to 2400 RPM

What do you do if airspeed alive gauges green or max RPM is not correct on takeoff roll

Abort throttle back brakes on roll off

What controls centerline on takeoff roll

Rudder

What are the main left-turning tendencies felt on the ground roll

Torque and slipstream

What left-turning tendency becomes important as the nose rises

P-factor

What is VR in this airplane

55 knots

What is VY in this

78 knots

How do you establish VY after takeoff

About 7.5 degrees nose up and the outside sight picture for that attitude

Why should seat position be set consistently every flight

To keep the outside sight picture consistent

What is the climb attitude target for VY

About 7.5 degrees nose up

What is the rule for starting a level-off from a climb

Lead by 10 percent of VSI

If climbing at 500 fpm when do you start level-off

50 feet before target altitude

If climbing at 1000 fpm when do you start level-off

100 feet before target altitude

What is the level-off sequence climb in this airplane

Pitch then power then trim

When leveling from climb do you reduce power

After accelerating to about 90 knots

What cruise RPM was emphasized for flight

2300 RPM

Why is using the planned RPM important

It makes the airplane predictable and helps catch errors early

What speed should the airplane accelerate to before reducing from climb power in level-off

90 knots

What is the transition from climb to cruise in one phrase

Pitch then power then trim

What is a constant airspeed constant rate descent here

A descent that holds about 90 knots and about 500 fpm

What descent power setting was taught from cruise

Reduce from 2300 to 2000 RPM

What must be done when reducing power into the carb heat range

Carb heat on

What pitch attitude should the descent settle near

About 3 degrees nose down

What should 2000 RPM and degrees nose down usually give

About 90 knots and 500 fpm

What controls airspeed in this lesson’s descent logic

Pitch

What controls vertical speed this lesson’s descent logic

Power

When do you start leveling off from a 500 fpm descent

50 feet before the target altitude

What is the level-off sequence from descent

Pitch and power together then trim

What happens to carb heat when leveling from descent

Carb heat off

What exact RPM should be set after leveling from descent

2300 RPM

What is the rule of thumb for rolling out of a turn

Lead rollout by 50 percent of bank angle

When do you start rollout from a 20 degree bank turn

10 degrees before the target heading

When do you start rollout from a 30 degree bank turn

15 degrees before the target heading

What you do before starting a turn

Clear the area with intentional traffic scan

What is the purpose of a clearing turn

Collision avoidance

How should you scan for traffic

In deliberate sections, not random head whipping

Why not depend fully on ADS-B traffic display

Not every aircraft is equipped

What are you looking at first when entering a turn after clearing

Bank attitude

What two references help establish bank

Outside horizon picture and attitude indicator

How much instrument use did the instructor favor in basic visual flight

Roughly 50 50 inside and outside

What primary instrument gives immediate pitch and bank awareness

Attitude indicator

What happens to a properly trimmed airplane in a shallow turn if left alone

It tends to return toward level

Do you need back pressure in a 20 degree bank turn in smooth air if trimmed

No

At about what bank does altitude maintenance start needing back pressure

Around 25 degrees

At about what bank was power addition discussed for steeper turns

Around 30 degrees and beyond

What is overbanking tendency

The tendency for bank angle to increase in steeper turns

Why does overbanking tendency happen

The outside wing moves faster and makes more lift

How do you stop overbanking tendency in a right turn

Apply a little left aileron

you use opposite rudder to stop overbanking tendency

No

What is the key to learning bank control

Repeat it until you feel and recognize it

What should you cross-check during cruise besides looking outside

Heading altitude nav power and airspeed

Why check instruments regularly even in VFR

Some problems are invisible outside

What might explain airspeed lower than expected in cruise

Wrong pitch carb ice or wrong power setting

Why is exact power setting useful for learning

It creates repeatable expected performance

What is slow flight

Controlled flight at high angle of attack near stall speed

What is the instructor’s slow flight entry power setting

1600 RPM

What must accompany reducing power for slow flight

Carb heat on

What is the first goal after reducing power for slow flight

Hold altitude and wait for VFE

What speed are you waiting for before first flap extension in slow flight

VFE, about 85 knots

What happens to pitch when 10 degrees of flaps is added

The nose tends to rise

What should you do when the nose rises with flap extension

Do not let it balloon, control pitch

What flap sequence was discussed for slow flight

10 then 20 then 30 then 40

Why are flaps important in slow flight

They change lift drag and stall characteristics

What is the main practical purpose of flaps in approach work

Allow a steeper descent without excessive airspeed

How does 10 degrees of flap typically affect the airplane

Strong lift increase with some drag

How do 20 to 40 degrees of flap trend compared with 10

Increasingly drag with less additional lift

What is VSO

Stall speed in landing configuration

What does landing configuration mean here

Flaps extended, gear down if retractable

Where is VSO shown on the airspeed indicator

At the lower end of the white arc

What does the white arc represent

Flap operating range

does the top of the arc represent

Maximum flap extension speed

Why can’t you just drop flaps at any speed

Flap extension is limited by VFE

What is a key control idea in slow flight

Pitch power and configuration must be coordinated precisely

What happens if you reduce power to 1600 and let the nose drop

You lose altitude instead of entering slow flight correctly

When entering slow flight are you pulling up aggressively at first

No, you mainly prevent the nose from dropping

What two things are you watching while slowing for flap extension

Airspeed and altitude

What is the general relationship between pitch and airspeed

Pitch primarily controls airspeed

What is the general relationship between power and vertical path

Power primarily controls vertical speed

What is a forward slip

A cross-controlled maneuver to increase descent rate without a large airspeed increase

What is a side slip

A cross-controlled slip used mainly for crosswind directional control

What is the purpose of a forward slip

Lose quickly without diving and speeding up

What is the purpose of a side slip

Align the airplane with the runway in a crosswind

What is the first setup step before a forward slip

Slow down first

Why slow down before a forward slip

To avoid overspeeding and excessive float after recovery

What power setting is used for a forward slip in this lesson

Idle power

What speed range was suggested before entering a clean forward slip

About 70 to 75 knots