PE: Unit 2 - How does physical activity contribute to a healthy life style

physical activity

any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles, that requires energy expenditure

subcomponents of PA

sport, exercise, lifestyle activities, games

incidental PA

unstructured activity accumulated throughout the day e.g. stairs instead of elevator

structured PA

planning formal or informal PA e.g. pilates class

inactivity

not engaging in any regular PA beyond daily tasks

sedentary behaviour

amount of time spent sitting/laying down (1 MET to perform)

MET

Metabolic equivalent

Physical benefits of PA

improved strength & endurance, resistance to fatigue, less body fat

Social benefits of PA

decreased social isolation, enhance engagement, increase enjoyment of PA

Mental benefits of PA

improve sleep, reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety & stress

Spiritual benefits of PA

find meaning, purpose, cope & enjoy life, quieten mind

Emotional benefits of PA

improved overall mood, happier more positive

Social factors influencing PA

enabler: Peer & family support

barrier: Inactive, unsupportive peers & family

Cultural factors influencing PA

enabler: Different cultures activities integrated into society

barrier: Racism causes mistrust & uncertainty

Individual factors influencing PA

enabler: Physical health, self-efficacy, high SES

barrier: Bad Physical health, negative thoughts on PA, low SES

Physical environment factors influencing PA

enabler: Access to facilities, aesthetics of PA spaces

barrier: limited access to facilities, extreme weather conditions

Subjective measures

used for large numbers of people & low cost e.g. diaries, recall surveys, self-report, proxy-report

Advantages and disadvantages of subjective measures

ADVANTAGES:

Capture quantitative & qualitative data, quick & easy, cost-effective, low burden on participants

DISADVANTAGES:

reliability & validity problems, interviewer may be needed for accurate data

Objective measures

used for smaller number of people & more precise e.g. digital tools, wearables, smart watch, pedometers, direct observation

Advantages and disadvantages of objective measures

ADVANTAGES:

small, light weight, wireless, easy to transport, instant feedback, motivating, non-invasive,

allow monitoring and processing in real time

DISADVANTAGES:

high cost, internet needed, user input required, dates quickly

Socioecological model components

Social environment, individual, physical environment, policy/organisational

Individual

personal factors that increase PA e.g. gender, age, SES, self-efficacy, skill level

intervention: counselling