Buffers

• Standard buffer systems

• Actual pharmaceutical buffers

Pharmaceutical buffers 2 categories

• — designed to provide a solution having a specific pH for analytical purposes

• — designed to maintain pH limits in drug preparations.

Sorensen Phosphate Buffer

A phosphate buffer system modified with NaCl to make it isotonic with physiological fluid.

Antioxidant

• Hypophosphorous acid

• Sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur bisulfite

• Sodium metabisulfite

• Sodium thiosulfate

• Sodium nitrite

• Nitrogen

Official Antioxidants examples

Sulfur Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide

Sodium Bisulfite

Sodium Metabisulfite

• Sodium hydrogen sulfite

• Sodium acid sulfite

Sodium Bisulfite other names

Disodium pyrosulfite

Sodium Metabisulfite other names

• Sodium hyposulfite

• Sodium hydrosulfite

Sodium Thiosulfate other name

Sodium Thiosulfate

Salt peter

Sodium nitrite other names

Sodium Nitrite

Sodium Nitrite

Nitrogen

Retards oxidation of sensitive products