PHS C.9

2 main types of metabolic reactions

catabolic and anabolic

catabolic reactions

producing energy, splitting large molecules

oxydation reactions

loss of H- atoms, release of energy

anabolic reactions

joining of small molecules to make big molecules

reduction reactions

gain of H- atoms, energy gain

enzymes

catalyze reactions

lock and key theory

enzyme and substrate fit in each other perfectly

substrate

reactant, enzyme acts on

product

production, changed into

how are enzymes named

the name of the substrate the enzyme acts on + ase

coenzymes

assist the enzyme

why are coenzymes required in diet

replaces those lost from the body

minerals

inorganic coenzymes

vitamins

organic coenzymes

what does micronutrient mean

small nutrients

calcium function

structure of bones and teeth, blood clotting, muscle contraction

phosphate function

component of all nucleotides, goes with calcium in bones and teeth

potassium and sodium function

nerve impulses

chloride function

forms HCl in gastric juice

iron function

hemolgobin, part of many enzymes

anemia

low red blood cells

iodine function

thyroid hormones

coenzyme for zinc

dna polymerase

magnesium, copper, manganese, nickel, molybdenum function

regulate metabolism and bone health

fat soluble vitamins

body uses all of the vitamin

vitamin a

retinol

vitamin a deficiency

night blindness

vitamin D

calcium

vitamin D deficiency

rickets

vitamin E

blood cells production

vitamin E deficiency

anemia

vitamin K

blood clotting

vitamin K deficiency

delayed clotting

water soluble vitamins

body gets rid of what it doesn't use in the vitamin

vitamin C

collegen synthesis

vitamin c deficiency

scurvy

examples of b complex vitamins

niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid

what are b complex vitamins

cell respirtion

deficiency meaning

without/low

What are enzyme inhibitors? 

prevention of speeding up reactions

What is cyanide? 

an enzyme inhibitor for cellular respiration

What is arsenic? 

an enzyme inhibitor for cellular respiration

What are insecticides? 

an enzyme inhibitor for the nervous system

What are antibiotics? 

an enzyme inhibitor for bacteria

How are enzymes denatured? 

heat, change in pH, heavy metals

What is photosynthesis? 

producing food from sunlight in plants

What is cellular respiration? 

where glucose is broken down to form atp

What is the first law of energy? 

the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

What is the second law of energy? 

when energy is converted, the rest is released as entropy