PBSI 414 Exam 4

behavioral contract

written agreement between two parties in which one or both agree to specific level of target behavior(s)

states consequence contingent on occurrence/nonoccurence

controlled behavior

target behavior

controlling behavior

impklementing self-management stragtegies

A and C of target behavior are modified

goal setting

writing down criterion level of target behavior and time frame for occurance

self-instruction

telling yourself what to do or how to do it in situations that call for specific target behavior

self-management

uses behavior modification procedures to change their own behavior

self-praise

immediately after appropriate behavior

positive evaluations of own behavior

short-circuiting the contingency

failed to implement the contingency as written in contract

person takes reinforcer without first engaging in target behavior

awareness training

taught to describe behaviors in habit, then identify when it occurs

competing response

behavior incompatible with the habit behavior

competing response training

imagines situation use competing response outside session, then instructed to use competing response outside session whenever habit occurs

habit behavior

nervous habits, motor tics, and stuttering

habit disorder

habit behavior occurs frequently or high intensity, person seeks treatment for problem

habit reversal

decrease frequency of undesirable habit behaviors

motivation strategy

reviews all situations in which habit occurs and how it caused inconvenience or embarrassment

increases likelihood client will use competing response

motor tic

repetitive, jerking movement of muscle group

nervous habit

repetitive, manipulative behaviors most likely to occur when there is nervous tension

regulated breathing

competing response in habit reversal with stuttering

stuttering

type of speech disfluency where person repeats words or syllables, prolongs sound, or blocks on a word

tourette syndrome

tic disorder involving multiple motor and vocal tics

vocal tic

repetitive vocal sound that does not serve a social function

backup reinforcer

obtained only by tokens

powerful reinforcers so will be motivated

token

delivered immediately after desirable behavior and exchanged for backup reinforcer

conditioned reinforcer

token economy

reinforcement system

conditioned reinforcers (tokens) delivered to people for desirable behaviors

strengthen desirable behaviors that occur too infrequently

one-party contract

unilateral contract

one person seeks to change and arranges reinforcement/punishment contingencies with contract manager

parallel contract

two-party contract

separate contingency for each person's target behaviors

quid pro quo contract

one thing is given in return for another

rule-governed behavior

mechanism contract influences target behavior

rule that the contractee states later in appropriate circumstances as a prompt to engage in target behavior

two-party contract

anxiety

bodily responses in respondent behaviors

ANS arousal involved is an establishing operation

attention-focusing exercise

direct attention to a neutral or pleasant stimulus to remove attention from anxiety-producing stimulus

meditation, guided imagery, hypnosis

behavioral relaxation training

taught to relax each muscle group in body by assuming relaxed postures

contact desensitization

variation of in vivo desensitization

provide reassuring physical contact as client progresses through hierarchy

diaphragmatic breathing

relaxation exercise

breathes deeply in a slow, rhythmic fashion using diaphragm to counter autonomic arousal

fear

operant and respondent behavior

afraid of particular stimulus or situation

autonomic nervous system arousal and escape/avoidance

flooding

exposed to feared stimulus at full intensity for prolonged period until anxiety subsides in its presence

hierarchy

fear-rating scale and identifies amount of pear produced by variety of situations related

SUDS

subjective units of discomfort scale

fear rating scale 0-100

in vivo desensitization

client gradually approaches or exposed to actual fear-producing stimulus

phobia

fear in which level of anxiety or avoidance is severe enough to disrupt a persons life

progressive muscle relxation

systematically tenses and relaxes each major muscle group

leaves them more relaxed than in initial state

relaxation training

strategies used to decrease autonomic arousal that they experience from fear and anxiety

bodily responses opposite to autonomic arousal

systematic desensitization

person with a phobia practices relaxation while imagining scenes of the stimulus

acceptance and commitment therapy

they have not been able to control thoughts and feelings, the attempts to control have made it worse

learn to accept thoughts and feelings

behavioral activation

commit to engage in number of different reinforcing activities each week

for depression

cognitive behavior

verbal or imaginal responses made by person that are covert (not observable)

cognitive behavior modification

change behaviors labeled as cognitive

cognitive coping skills training

teach specific self-statements during problem situation

self-statements or self-instructions used

cognitive distortions

negative evaluations or interpretations of life events or logical errors in thinking

cognitive restructuring

identify cognitive behaviors distressing person and then help get rid of thoughts or replace them

cognitive therapy

help people change behavior, including distorted thoughts or self-talk

ecological momentary assessment

self-monitoring

phone or device cues person to record thoughts, feelings, and situations a certain number of times throughout the day

mindfulness

focusing attention on present moment

internal sensations, thoughts, feelings, and urges with accepting without judgement

mindfulness-based interventions

acceptance-based therapy

teach mindfulness, teach and name thought makes less likely lead to negative emotion or action

nonjudgmental awareness of actions and events

self-instructional training

1. identify problem and define desirable behavior appropriate

2. identify self-instructions that will be most helpful

3. use behavioral skills training to teach self-instructions