software dev final

What is an OOP model for inheritance?

A mechanism where a class derives properties and behaviors from another class.

Essential features of OOP inheritance.

Code reuse, hierarchy, method overriding, polymorphism.

What does OOP enable in programming?

Modularity, reuse, scalability, and abstraction.

What are the 5 phases in the software development life cycle (SDLC)?

Planning, analysis, design, implementation, maintenance.

What are the key values of Agile manifesto?

Individuals, working software, customer collaboration, responding to change.

Disadvantages to using waterfall model in software development.

Rigid, hard to change, late testing.

Main difference between abstract classes and interface classes.

Abstract can have implementation; interface defines only methods.

What are the coding standard principles?

Consistency, readability, maintainability.

What are good programming practices?

Clear naming, modular code, testing, documentation.

What are situations when Agile should be used in software development?

Changing requirements and iterative development.

What are the 4 basic SQL Data Definition Language commands?

CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE.

What are the 4 basic SQL Data Manipulation Language commands?

SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

What is the purpose of the database connection in programming?

To allow programs to interact with a database.

What does a database schema diagram show?

Structure of tables and relationships.

When is a database column alias useful?

To rename columns for readability.

SQL inner join is like intersection where outer join is like union.

Inner returns matches; outer includes non-matching rows.

What are the common types of software product liability claims?

Defects, negligence, misrepresentation.

What ethical issues do software manufacturers face?

Balancing cost, schedule, and quality.

What is the main purpose of UML Sequence diagram?

Shows object interactions over time.

What is a design pattern?

A reusable solution to a common design problem.

What are the main 3 categories of design patterns?

Creational, Structural, Behavioral.

What are the elements of any design pattern?

Name, problem, solution, consequences.

Identify systems using Facade.

Simplifies complex systems.

Identify systems using Decorator.

Adds features dynamically.

Identify systems using Observer.

Notifies changes automatically.

Identify systems using Strategy.

Switches algorithms easily.

Identify systems using Singleton.

Ensures one instance.

What are user requirements?

High-level user needs.

What are system requirements?

Detailed technical specifications.

What are functional requirements?

System features.

What are non-functional requirements?

System qualities like performance.

What are benefits of code review?

Finds bugs and improves quality.

What is a user story/scenario?

Short user-centered feature description.

What is the purpose of a UML Class Diagram?

Shows classes and relationships.

What are some approaches to code review?

Peer review, pair programming, inspections.

What are things to look for in code review?

Bugs, readability, standards.

What is JavaDoc?

Tool to generate Java documentation.

What is Doxygen?

Tool to generate documentation for multiple languages.

What benefit does JavaDoc offer a program?

Creates structured API docs.

Types of databases by function.

Operational, analytical, distributed.

Types of databases by data model.

Relational, hierarchical, network, NoSQL.

What is a data model in software development?

Defines how data is structured.

Test case (create from user story).

Defines inputs and expected outputs.

Testing Driven Development (principles, use).

Write tests before code.

Difference between TRUNCATE table and DROP table.

TRUNCATE clears data; DROP removes table.

What is an SQL injection attack?

Malicious SQL inserted into inputs.

What is version control (VC)?

Tracks and manages code changes.

What is a pipeline in DevOps?

Automated build, test, deploy process.

Characteristics of high-quality programming code.

Readable, maintainable, efficient.

Types of software quality.

Performance, reliability, usability, security.

How to manage complexity in programming code?

Use abstraction and modular design.

What is code coupling?

Dependency between modules.

What is data coupling?

Modules share only necessary data.

What is stamp coupling?

Modules share full data structures.

What is cohesion?

How closely related module elements are.

Why is cohesion important?

Improves clarity and maintainability.

What is purpose for using packages?

Organize related classes.

What are some of Java’s major foundations?

Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism.

SQL INSERT command.

Adds new records.

SQL UPDATE command.

Modifies existing records.

Differences between abstraction and encapsulation.

Abstraction hides details; encapsulation restricts access.