Neuroscience 1

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to neuropathology and mental health, particularly focusing on fear, stress, and related neurobiology.

Cued Fear Conditioning

This is like when a loud sound happens right before something scary, like a big dog barking. Your brain remembers the sound and gets scared when it hears it again.

Contextual Fear Conditioning

Imagine you're in a spooky room, and it makes you feel scared. Your brain remembers that room, and you feel scared even when you just think about it.

Sensitization of Fear Conditioning

It's like when you get scared easily for no clear reason, like seeing something small and feeling jumpy.

Amygdala

This is a tiny part of your brain that helps you feel fear. When you're scared, it tells your brain what to do.

Patient S.M.

This is a story about a girl who had a big part of her brain that helps with fear removed, so she didn't feel scared like most people do.

Hippocampus

This part of your brain helps you remember places. If you got scared in a playground, it helps you remember that place can be scary.

Prefrontal Cortex

This part of your brain helps you learn to not be scared anymore. It helps change your mind about your fears as you grow up.

Immediate Extinction Deficit

This is when your brain tries to forget something scary, but it takes a little longer for new scary things to not feel scary anymore.

Stress

This is how your body feels when something seems really scary or hard, like when you think about a big test.

Eustress

This is good stress, like when you're excited before your birthday party. It helps you feel happy and ready.

Distress

This is bad stress, like when you feel sad or worried, and it makes your tummy hurt.

Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary System (SAM)

This is like a superhero in your body that helps you run fast or fight when you're scared.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA)

This is a team in your body that helps you deal with long-term stress, like when you’re worried for a long time.

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

This is how your body deals with stress in three steps: first you feel scared, then you try to feel better, and if it lasts too long, you get really tired.

Innate Immune System

This is your body's first line of defense, like a superhero that helps you not get sick quickly.

Adaptive Immune System

This is like a detective that learns about the bad guys (germs) so it can catch them next time.

Chronic Stress

This is when you feel stressed out for a long time, and it makes it hard for your body to stay strong and healthy.

HPA Axis & Early Life Stress

This teaches us that what happens early in life can change how we deal with stress when we grow up.

Sex Differences in the Stress Response

Boys and girls can feel stress differently; sometimes boys get more adrenaline, and girls can feel sad differently.